Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/main'

2026-08-26 09:31:34 +08:00
parent 9b8c4bfab6
commit 394eb0285d
34137 changed files with 3589424 additions and 0 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,692 @@
+1.20.6 / 2026-07-09
+===================
+* fix: improve `limit` option validation (#698)
+  * Invalid `limit` values (e.g. unparseable strings or `NaN`) now throw instead of being silently ignored, which previously disabled size limit enforcement
+  * `null` and `undefined` fall back to the default 100kb limit
+
+1.20.5 / 2026-04-24
+===================
+* refactor(json): simplify strict mode error string construction
+* fix: extended urlencoded parsing of arrays with >100 elements (#716)
+* deps: qs@~6.15.1
+
+1.20.4 / 2025-12-01
+===================
+
+  * deps: qs@~6.14.0
+  * deps: use tilde notation for dependencies
+  * deps: http-errors@~2.0.1
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.5.3
+
+1.20.3 / 2024-09-10
+===================
+
+  * deps: qs@6.13.0
+  * add `depth` option to customize the depth level in the parser
+  * IMPORTANT: The default `depth` level for parsing URL-encoded data is now `32` (previously was `Infinity`)
+
+1.20.2 / 2023-02-21
+===================
+
+  * Fix strict json error message on Node.js 19+
+  * deps: content-type@~1.0.5
+    - perf: skip value escaping when unnecessary
+  * deps: raw-body@2.5.2
+
+1.20.1 / 2022-10-06
+===================
+
+  * deps: qs@6.11.0
+  * perf: remove unnecessary object clone
+
+1.20.0 / 2022-04-02
+===================
+
+  * Fix error message for json parse whitespace in `strict`
+  * Fix internal error when inflated body exceeds limit
+  * Prevent loss of async hooks context
+  * Prevent hanging when request already read
+  * deps: depd@2.0.0
+    - Replace internal `eval` usage with `Function` constructor
+    - Use instance methods on `process` to check for listeners
+  * deps: http-errors@2.0.0
+    - deps: depd@2.0.0
+    - deps: statuses@2.0.1
+  * deps: on-finished@2.4.1
+  * deps: qs@6.10.3
+  * deps: raw-body@2.5.1
+    - deps: http-errors@2.0.0
+
+1.19.2 / 2022-02-15
+===================
+
+  * deps: bytes@3.1.2
+  * deps: qs@6.9.7
+    * Fix handling of `__proto__` keys
+  * deps: raw-body@2.4.3
+    - deps: bytes@3.1.2
+
+1.19.1 / 2021-12-10
+===================
+
+  * deps: bytes@3.1.1
+  * deps: http-errors@1.8.1
+    - deps: inherits@2.0.4
+    - deps: toidentifier@1.0.1
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.2.0
+  * deps: qs@6.9.6
+  * deps: raw-body@2.4.2
+    - deps: bytes@3.1.1
+    - deps: http-errors@1.8.1
+  * deps: safe-buffer@5.2.1
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.18
+
+1.19.0 / 2019-04-25
+===================
+
+  * deps: bytes@3.1.0
+    - Add petabyte (`pb`) support
+  * deps: http-errors@1.7.2
+    - Set constructor name when possible
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.1.1
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.5.0 < 2'
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.24
+    - Added encoding MIK
+  * deps: qs@6.7.0
+    - Fix parsing array brackets after index
+  * deps: raw-body@2.4.0
+    - deps: bytes@3.1.0
+    - deps: http-errors@1.7.2
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.24
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.17
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.24
+    - perf: prevent internal `throw` on invalid type
+
+1.18.3 / 2018-05-14
+===================
+
+  * Fix stack trace for strict json parse error
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.2
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.6.3
+    - deps: depd@~1.1.2
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.1.0
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.1 < 2'
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.23
+    - Fix loading encoding with year appended
+    - Fix deprecation warnings on Node.js 10+
+  * deps: qs@6.5.2
+  * deps: raw-body@2.3.3
+    - deps: http-errors@1.6.3
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.23
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.16
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.18
+
+1.18.2 / 2017-09-22
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.9
+  * perf: remove argument reassignment
+
+1.18.1 / 2017-09-12
+===================
+
+  * deps: content-type@~1.0.4
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+    - perf: skip parameter parsing when no parameters
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.19
+    - Fix ISO-8859-1 regression
+    - Update Windows-1255
+  * deps: qs@6.5.1
+    - Fix parsing & compacting very deep objects
+  * deps: raw-body@2.3.2
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.19
+
+1.18.0 / 2017-09-08
+===================
+
+  * Fix JSON strict violation error to match native parse error
+  * Include the `body` property on verify errors
+  * Include the `type` property on all generated errors
+  * Use `http-errors` to set status code on errors
+  * deps: bytes@3.0.0
+  * deps: debug@2.6.8
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.1
+    - Remove unnecessary `Buffer` loading
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.6.2
+    - deps: depd@1.1.1
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.18
+    - Add support for React Native
+    - Add a warning if not loaded as utf-8
+    - Fix CESU-8 decoding in Node.js 8
+    - Improve speed of ISO-8859-1 encoding
+  * deps: qs@6.5.0
+  * deps: raw-body@2.3.1
+    - Use `http-errors` for standard emitted errors
+    - deps: bytes@3.0.0
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.18
+    - perf: skip buffer decoding on overage chunk
+  * perf: prevent internal `throw` when missing charset
+
+1.17.2 / 2017-05-17
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.7
+    - Fix `DEBUG_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH`
+    - deps: ms@2.0.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.15
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.15
+
+1.17.1 / 2017-03-06
+===================
+
+  * deps: qs@6.4.0
+    - Fix regression parsing keys starting with `[`
+
+1.17.0 / 2017-03-01
+===================
+
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.6.1
+    - Make `message` property enumerable for `HttpError`s
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.0.3
+  * deps: qs@6.3.1
+    - Fix compacting nested arrays
+
+1.16.1 / 2017-02-10
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.1
+    - Fix deprecation messages in WebStorm and other editors
+    - Undeprecate `DEBUG_FD` set to `1` or `2`
+
+1.16.0 / 2017-01-17
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@2.6.0
+    - Allow colors in workers
+    - Deprecated `DEBUG_FD` environment variable
+    - Fix error when running under React Native
+    - Use same color for same namespace
+    - deps: ms@0.7.2
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.5.1
+    - deps: inherits@2.0.3
+    - deps: setprototypeof@1.0.2
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.1 < 2'
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.15
+    - Added encoding MS-31J
+    - Added encoding MS-932
+    - Added encoding MS-936
+    - Added encoding MS-949
+    - Added encoding MS-950
+    - Fix GBK/GB18030 handling of Euro character
+  * deps: qs@6.2.1
+    - Fix array parsing from skipping empty values
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.2.0
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.15
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.14
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.13
+
+1.15.2 / 2016-06-19
+===================
+
+  * deps: bytes@2.4.0
+  * deps: content-type@~1.0.2
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.5.0
+    - Use `setprototypeof` module to replace `__proto__` setting
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.3.0 < 2'
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+  * deps: qs@6.2.0
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.7
+    - deps: bytes@2.4.0
+    - perf: remove double-cleanup on happy path
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.13
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.11
+
+1.15.1 / 2016-05-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: bytes@2.3.0
+    - Drop partial bytes on all parsed units
+    - Fix parsing byte string that looks like hex
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.6
+    - deps: bytes@2.3.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.12
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.10
+
+1.15.0 / 2016-02-10
+===================
+
+  * deps: http-errors@~1.4.0
+    - Add `HttpError` export, for `err instanceof createError.HttpError`
+    - deps: inherits@2.0.1
+    - deps: statuses@'>= 1.2.1 < 2'
+  * deps: qs@6.1.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.11
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.9
+
+1.14.2 / 2015-12-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: bytes@2.2.0
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.13
+  * deps: qs@5.2.0
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.5
+    - deps: bytes@2.2.0
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.13
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.10
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.8
+
+1.14.1 / 2015-09-27
+===================
+
+  * Fix issue where invalid charset results in 400 when `verify` used
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.12
+    - Fix CESU-8 decoding in Node.js 4.x
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.4
+    - Fix masking critical errors from `iconv-lite`
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.12
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.9
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.7
+
+1.14.0 / 2015-09-16
+===================
+
+  * Fix JSON strict parse error to match syntax errors
+  * Provide static `require` analysis in `urlencoded` parser
+  * deps: depd@~1.1.0
+    - Support web browser loading
+  * deps: qs@5.1.0
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.3
+    - Fix sync callback when attaching data listener causes sync read
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.8
+    - Fix type error when given invalid type to match against
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.6
+
+1.13.3 / 2015-07-31
+===================
+
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.6
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.4
+
+1.13.2 / 2015-07-05
+===================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.11
+  * deps: qs@4.0.0
+    - Fix dropping parameters like `hasOwnProperty`
+    - Fix user-visible incompatibilities from 3.1.0
+    - Fix various parsing edge cases
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.2
+    - Fix error stack traces to skip `makeError`
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.11
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.4
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.2
+    - perf: enable strict mode
+    - perf: remove argument reassignment
+
+1.13.1 / 2015-06-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.4.2
+    - Downgraded from 3.1.0 because of user-visible incompatibilities
+
+1.13.0 / 2015-06-14
+===================
+
+  * Add `statusCode` property on `Error`s, in addition to `status`
+  * Change `type` default to `application/json` for JSON parser
+  * Change `type` default to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` for urlencoded parser
+  * Provide static `require` analysis
+  * Use the `http-errors` module to generate errors
+  * deps: bytes@2.1.0
+    - Slight optimizations
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.10
+    - The encoding UTF-16 without BOM now defaults to UTF-16LE when detection fails
+    - Leading BOM is now removed when decoding
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.3.0
+    - Add defined behavior for HTTP `CONNECT` requests
+    - Add defined behavior for HTTP `Upgrade` requests
+    - deps: ee-first@1.1.1
+  * deps: qs@3.1.0
+    - Fix dropping parameters like `hasOwnProperty`
+    - Fix various parsing edge cases
+    - Parsed object now has `null` prototype
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.1.1
+    - Use `unpipe` module for unpiping requests
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.10
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.3
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.1.1
+    - perf: reduce try block size
+    - perf: remove bitwise operations
+  * perf: enable strict mode
+  * perf: remove argument reassignment
+  * perf: remove delete call
+
+1.12.4 / 2015-05-10
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@~2.2.0
+  * deps: qs@2.4.2
+    - Fix allowing parameters like `constructor`
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.2.1
+  * deps: raw-body@~2.0.1
+    - Fix a false-positive when unpiping in Node.js 0.8
+    - deps: bytes@2.0.1
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.2
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.11
+
+1.12.3 / 2015-04-15
+===================
+
+  * Slight efficiency improvement when not debugging
+  * deps: depd@~1.0.1
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.8
+    - Add encoding alias UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7
+  * deps: raw-body@1.3.4
+    - Fix hanging callback if request aborts during read
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.8
+
+1.12.2 / 2015-03-16
+===================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.4.1
+    - Fix error when parameter `hasOwnProperty` is present
+
+1.12.1 / 2015-03-15
+===================
+
+  * deps: debug@~2.1.3
+    - Fix high intensity foreground color for bold
+    - deps: ms@0.7.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.1
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.10
+
+1.12.0 / 2015-02-13
+===================
+
+  * add `debug` messages
+  * accept a function for the `type` option
+  * use `content-type` to parse `Content-Type` headers
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.7
+    - Gracefully support enumerables on `Object.prototype`
+  * deps: raw-body@1.3.3
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.7
+  * deps: type-is@~1.6.0
+    - fix argument reassignment
+    - fix false-positives in `hasBody` `Transfer-Encoding` check
+    - support wildcard for both type and subtype (`*/*`)
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.9
+
+1.11.0 / 2015-01-30
+===================
+
+  * make internal `extended: true` depth limit infinity
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.6
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.8
+
+1.10.2 / 2015-01-20
+===================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.6
+    - Fix rare aliases of single-byte encodings
+  * deps: raw-body@1.3.2
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.6
+
+1.10.1 / 2015-01-01
+===================
+
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.2.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.5
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.7
+
+1.10.0 / 2014-12-02
+===================
+
+  * make internal `extended: true` array limit dynamic
+
+1.9.3 / 2014-11-21
+==================
+
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.5
+    - Fix Windows-31J and X-SJIS encoding support
+  * deps: qs@2.3.3
+    - Fix `arrayLimit` behavior
+  * deps: raw-body@1.3.1
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.5
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.3
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.3
+
+1.9.2 / 2014-10-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.3.2
+    - Fix parsing of mixed objects and values
+
+1.9.1 / 2014-10-22
+==================
+
+  * deps: on-finished@~2.1.1
+    - Fix handling of pipelined requests
+  * deps: qs@2.3.0
+    - Fix parsing of mixed implicit and explicit arrays
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.2
+    - deps: mime-types@~2.0.2
+
+1.9.0 / 2014-09-24
+==================
+
+  * include the charset in "unsupported charset" error message
+  * include the encoding in "unsupported content encoding" error message
+  * deps: depd@~1.0.0
+
+1.8.4 / 2014-09-23
+==================
+
+  * fix content encoding to be case-insensitive
+
+1.8.3 / 2014-09-19
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.2.4
+    - Fix issue with object keys starting with numbers truncated
+
+1.8.2 / 2014-09-15
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@0.4.5
+
+1.8.1 / 2014-09-07
+==================
+
+  * deps: media-typer@0.3.0
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.1
+
+1.8.0 / 2014-09-05
+==================
+
+  * make empty-body-handling consistent between chunked requests
+    - empty `json` produces `{}`
+    - empty `raw` produces `new Buffer(0)`
+    - empty `text` produces `''`
+    - empty `urlencoded` produces `{}`
+  * deps: qs@2.2.3
+    - Fix issue where first empty value in array is discarded
+  * deps: type-is@~1.5.0
+    - fix `hasbody` to be true for `content-length: 0`
+
+1.7.0 / 2014-09-01
+==================
+
+  * add `parameterLimit` option to `urlencoded` parser
+  * change `urlencoded` extended array limit to 100
+  * respond with 413 when over `parameterLimit` in `urlencoded`
+
+1.6.7 / 2014-08-29
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.2.2
+    - Remove unnecessary cloning
+
+1.6.6 / 2014-08-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@2.2.0
+    - Array parsing fix
+    - Performance improvements
+
+1.6.5 / 2014-08-16
+==================
+
+  * deps: on-finished@2.1.0
+
+1.6.4 / 2014-08-14
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@1.2.2
+
+1.6.3 / 2014-08-10
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@1.2.1
+
+1.6.2 / 2014-08-07
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@1.2.0
+    - Fix parsing array of objects
+
+1.6.1 / 2014-08-06
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@1.1.0
+    - Accept urlencoded square brackets
+    - Accept empty values in implicit array notation
+
+1.6.0 / 2014-08-05
+==================
+
+  * deps: qs@1.0.2
+    - Complete rewrite
+    - Limits array length to 20
+    - Limits object depth to 5
+    - Limits parameters to 1,000
+
+1.5.2 / 2014-07-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@0.4.4
+    - Work-around v8 generating empty stack traces
+
+1.5.1 / 2014-07-26
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@0.4.3
+    - Fix exception when global `Error.stackTraceLimit` is too low
+
+1.5.0 / 2014-07-20
+==================
+
+  * deps: depd@0.4.2
+    - Add `TRACE_DEPRECATION` environment variable
+    - Remove non-standard grey color from color output
+    - Support `--no-deprecation` argument
+    - Support `--trace-deprecation` argument
+  * deps: iconv-lite@0.4.4
+    - Added encoding UTF-7
+  * deps: raw-body@1.3.0
+    - deps: iconv-lite@0.4.4
+    - Added encoding UTF-7
+    - Fix `Cannot switch to old mode now` error on Node.js 0.10+
+  * deps: type-is@~1.3.2
+
+1.4.3 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+  * deps: type-is@1.3.1
+    - fix global variable leak
+
+1.4.2 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+  * deps: type-is@1.3.0
+    - improve type parsing
+
+1.4.1 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+  * fix urlencoded extended deprecation message
+
+1.4.0 / 2014-06-19
+==================
+
+  * add `text` parser
+  * add `raw` parser
+  * check accepted charset in content-type (accepts utf-8)
+  * check accepted encoding in content-encoding (accepts identity)
+  * deprecate `bodyParser()` middleware; use `.json()` and `.urlencoded()` as needed
+  * deprecate `urlencoded()` without provided `extended` option
+  * lazy-load urlencoded parsers
+  * parsers split into files for reduced mem usage
+  * support gzip and deflate bodies
+    - set `inflate: false` to turn off
+  * deps: raw-body@1.2.2
+    - Support all encodings from `iconv-lite`
+
+1.3.1 / 2014-06-11
+==================
+
+  * deps: type-is@1.2.1
+    - Switch dependency from mime to mime-types@1.0.0
+
+1.3.0 / 2014-05-31
+==================
+
+  * add `extended` option to urlencoded parser
+
+1.2.2 / 2014-05-27
+==================
+
+  * deps: raw-body@1.1.6
+    - assert stream encoding on node.js 0.8
+    - assert stream encoding on node.js < 0.10.6
+    - deps: bytes@1
+
+1.2.1 / 2014-05-26
+==================
+
+  * invoke `next(err)` after request fully read
+    - prevents hung responses and socket hang ups
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-05-11
+==================
+
+  * add `verify` option
+  * deps: type-is@1.2.0
+    - support suffix matching
+
+1.1.2 / 2014-05-11
+==================
+
+  * improve json parser speed
+
+1.1.1 / 2014-05-11
+==================
+
+  * fix repeated limit parsing with every request
+
+1.1.0 / 2014-05-10
+==================
+
+  * add `type` option
+  * deps: pin for safety and consistency
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-04-14
+==================
+
+  * use `type-is` module
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-03-20
+==================
+
+  * lower default limits to 100kb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
+Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+# body-parser
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Build Status][ci-image]][ci-url]
+[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+[![OpenSSF Scorecard Badge][ossf-scorecard-badge]][ossf-scorecard-visualizer]
+
+Node.js body parsing middleware.
+
+Parse incoming request bodies in a middleware before your handlers, available
+under the `req.body` property.
+
+**Note** As `req.body`'s shape is based on user-controlled input, all
+properties and values in this object are untrusted and should be validated
+before trusting. For example, `req.body.foo.toString()` may fail in multiple
+ways, for example the `foo` property may not be there or may not be a string,
+and `toString` may not be a function and instead a string or other user input.
+
+[Learn about the anatomy of an HTTP transaction in Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/anatomy-of-an-http-transaction/).
+
+_This does not handle multipart bodies_, due to their complex and typically
+large nature. For multipart bodies, you may be interested in the following
+modules:
+
+  * [busboy](https://www.npmjs.org/package/busboy#readme) and
+    [connect-busboy](https://www.npmjs.org/package/connect-busboy#readme)
+  * [multiparty](https://www.npmjs.org/package/multiparty#readme) and
+    [connect-multiparty](https://www.npmjs.org/package/connect-multiparty#readme)
+  * [formidable](https://www.npmjs.org/package/formidable#readme)
+  * [multer](https://www.npmjs.org/package/multer#readme)
+
+This module provides the following parsers:
+
+  * [JSON body parser](#bodyparserjsonoptions)
+  * [Raw body parser](#bodyparserrawoptions)
+  * [Text body parser](#bodyparsertextoptions)
+  * [URL-encoded form body parser](#bodyparserurlencodedoptions)
+
+Other body parsers you might be interested in:
+
+- [body](https://www.npmjs.org/package/body#readme)
+- [co-body](https://www.npmjs.org/package/co-body#readme)
+
+## Installation
+
+```sh
+$ npm install body-parser
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
+```
+
+The `bodyParser` object exposes various factories to create middlewares. All
+middlewares will populate the `req.body` property with the parsed body when
+the `Content-Type` request header matches the `type` option, or an empty
+object (`{}`) if there was no body to parse, the `Content-Type` was not matched,
+or an error occurred.
+
+The various errors returned by this module are described in the
+[errors section](#errors).
+
+### bodyParser.json([options])
+
+Returns middleware that only parses `json` and only looks at requests where
+the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This parser accepts any
+Unicode encoding of the body and supports automatic inflation of `gzip` and
+`deflate` encodings.
+
+A new `body` object containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
+object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`).
+
+#### Options
+
+The `json` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain any of
+the following keys:
+
+##### inflate
+
+When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
+`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
+
+##### limit
+
+Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
+specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
+[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
+to `'100kb'`.
+
+##### reviver
+
+The `reviver` option is passed directly to `JSON.parse` as the second
+argument. You can find more information on this argument
+[in the MDN documentation about JSON.parse](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON/parse#Example.3A_Using_the_reviver_parameter).
+
+##### strict
+
+When set to `true`, will only accept arrays and objects; when `false` will
+accept anything `JSON.parse` accepts. Defaults to `true`.
+
+##### type
+
+The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
+parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function. If not a
+function, `type` option is passed directly to the
+[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this can
+be an extension name (like `json`), a mime type (like `application/json`), or
+a mime type with a wildcard (like `*/*` or `*/json`). If a function, the `type`
+option is called as `fn(req)` and the request is parsed if it returns a truthy
+value. Defaults to `application/json`.
+
+##### verify
+
+The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
+where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
+encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
+
+### bodyParser.raw([options])
+
+Returns middleware that parses all bodies as a `Buffer` and only looks at
+requests where the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This
+parser supports automatic inflation of `gzip` and `deflate` encodings.
+
+A new `body` object containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
+object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`). This will be a `Buffer` object
+of the body.
+
+#### Options
+
+The `raw` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain any of
+the following keys:
+
+##### inflate
+
+When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
+`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
+
+##### limit
+
+Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
+specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
+[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
+to `'100kb'`.
+
+##### type
+
+The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
+parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function.
+If not a function, `type` option is passed directly to the
+[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this
+can be an extension name (like `bin`), a mime type (like
+`application/octet-stream`), or a mime type with a wildcard (like `*/*` or
+`application/*`). If a function, the `type` option is called as `fn(req)`
+and the request is parsed if it returns a truthy value. Defaults to
+`application/octet-stream`.
+
+##### verify
+
+The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
+where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
+encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
+
+### bodyParser.text([options])
+
+Returns middleware that parses all bodies as a string and only looks at
+requests where the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This
+parser supports automatic inflation of `gzip` and `deflate` encodings.
+
+A new `body` string containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
+object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`). This will be a string of the
+body.
+
+#### Options
+
+The `text` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain any of
+the following keys:
+
+##### defaultCharset
+
+Specify the default character set for the text content if the charset is not
+specified in the `Content-Type` header of the request. Defaults to `utf-8`.
+
+##### inflate
+
+When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
+`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
+
+##### limit
+
+Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
+specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
+[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
+to `'100kb'`.
+
+##### type
+
+The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
+parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function. If not
+a function, `type` option is passed directly to the
+[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this can
+be an extension name (like `txt`), a mime type (like `text/plain`), or a mime
+type with a wildcard (like `*/*` or `text/*`). If a function, the `type`
+option is called as `fn(req)` and the request is parsed if it returns a
+truthy value. Defaults to `text/plain`.
+
+##### verify
+
+The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
+where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
+encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
+
+### bodyParser.urlencoded([options])
+
+Returns middleware that only parses `urlencoded` bodies and only looks at
+requests where the `Content-Type` header matches the `type` option. This
+parser accepts only UTF-8 encoding of the body and supports automatic
+inflation of `gzip` and `deflate` encodings.
+
+A new `body` object containing the parsed data is populated on the `request`
+object after the middleware (i.e. `req.body`). This object will contain
+key-value pairs, where the value can be a string or array (when `extended` is
+`false`), or any type (when `extended` is `true`).
+
+#### Options
+
+The `urlencoded` function takes an optional `options` object that may contain
+any of the following keys:
+
+##### extended
+
+The `extended` option allows to choose between parsing the URL-encoded data
+with the `querystring` library (when `false`) or the `qs` library (when
+`true`). The "extended" syntax allows for rich objects and arrays to be
+encoded into the URL-encoded format, allowing for a JSON-like experience
+with URL-encoded. For more information, please
+[see the qs library](https://www.npmjs.org/package/qs#readme).
+
+Defaults to `true`, but using the default has been deprecated. Please
+research into the difference between `qs` and `querystring` and choose the
+appropriate setting.
+
+##### inflate
+
+When set to `true`, then deflated (compressed) bodies will be inflated; when
+`false`, deflated bodies are rejected. Defaults to `true`.
+
+##### limit
+
+Controls the maximum request body size. If this is a number, then the value
+specifies the number of bytes; if it is a string, the value is passed to the
+[bytes](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bytes) library for parsing. Defaults
+to `'100kb'`.
+
+##### parameterLimit
+
+The `parameterLimit` option controls the maximum number of parameters that
+are allowed in the URL-encoded data. If a request contains more parameters
+than this value, a 413 will be returned to the client. Defaults to `1000`.
+
+##### type
+
+The `type` option is used to determine what media type the middleware will
+parse. This option can be a string, array of strings, or a function. If not
+a function, `type` option is passed directly to the
+[type-is](https://www.npmjs.org/package/type-is#readme) library and this can
+be an extension name (like `urlencoded`), a mime type (like
+`application/x-www-form-urlencoded`), or a mime type with a wildcard (like
+`*/x-www-form-urlencoded`). If a function, the `type` option is called as
+`fn(req)` and the request is parsed if it returns a truthy value. Defaults
+to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
+
+##### verify
+
+The `verify` option, if supplied, is called as `verify(req, res, buf, encoding)`,
+where `buf` is a `Buffer` of the raw request body and `encoding` is the
+encoding of the request. The parsing can be aborted by throwing an error.
+
+#### depth
+
+The `depth` option is used to configure the maximum depth of the `qs` library when `extended` is `true`. This allows you to limit the amount of keys that are parsed and can be useful to prevent certain types of abuse. Defaults to `32`. It is recommended to keep this value as low as possible.
+
+## Errors
+
+The middlewares provided by this module create errors using the
+[`http-errors` module](https://www.npmjs.com/package/http-errors). The errors
+will typically have a `status`/`statusCode` property that contains the suggested
+HTTP response code, an `expose` property to determine if the `message` property
+should be displayed to the client, a `type` property to determine the type of
+error without matching against the `message`, and a `body` property containing
+the read body, if available.
+
+The following are the common errors created, though any error can come through
+for various reasons.
+
+### content encoding unsupported
+
+This error will occur when the request had a `Content-Encoding` header that
+contained an encoding but the "inflation" option was set to `false`. The
+`status` property is set to `415`, the `type` property is set to
+`'encoding.unsupported'`, and the `charset` property will be set to the
+encoding that is unsupported.
+
+### entity parse failed
+
+This error will occur when the request contained an entity that could not be
+parsed by the middleware. The `status` property is set to `400`, the `type`
+property is set to `'entity.parse.failed'`, and the `body` property is set to
+the entity value that failed parsing.
+
+### entity verify failed
+
+This error will occur when the request contained an entity that could not be
+failed verification by the defined `verify` option. The `status` property is
+set to `403`, the `type` property is set to `'entity.verify.failed'`, and the
+`body` property is set to the entity value that failed verification.
+
+### request aborted
+
+This error will occur when the request is aborted by the client before reading
+the body has finished. The `received` property will be set to the number of
+bytes received before the request was aborted and the `expected` property is
+set to the number of expected bytes. The `status` property is set to `400`
+and `type` property is set to `'request.aborted'`.
+
+### request entity too large
+
+This error will occur when the request body's size is larger than the "limit"
+option. The `limit` property will be set to the byte limit and the `length`
+property will be set to the request body's length. The `status` property is
+set to `413` and the `type` property is set to `'entity.too.large'`.
+
+### request size did not match content length
+
+This error will occur when the request's length did not match the length from
+the `Content-Length` header. This typically occurs when the request is malformed,
+typically when the `Content-Length` header was calculated based on characters
+instead of bytes. The `status` property is set to `400` and the `type` property
+is set to `'request.size.invalid'`.
+
+### stream encoding should not be set
+
+This error will occur when something called the `req.setEncoding` method prior
+to this middleware. This module operates directly on bytes only and you cannot
+call `req.setEncoding` when using this module. The `status` property is set to
+`500` and the `type` property is set to `'stream.encoding.set'`.
+
+### stream is not readable
+
+This error will occur when the request is no longer readable when this middleware
+attempts to read it. This typically means something other than a middleware from
+this module read the request body already and the middleware was also configured to
+read the same request. The `status` property is set to `500` and the `type`
+property is set to `'stream.not.readable'`.
+
+### too many parameters
+
+This error will occur when the content of the request exceeds the configured
+`parameterLimit` for the `urlencoded` parser. The `status` property is set to
+`413` and the `type` property is set to `'parameters.too.many'`.
+
+### unsupported charset "BOGUS"
+
+This error will occur when the request had a charset parameter in the
+`Content-Type` header, but the `iconv-lite` module does not support it OR the
+parser does not support it. The charset is contained in the message as well
+as in the `charset` property. The `status` property is set to `415`, the
+`type` property is set to `'charset.unsupported'`, and the `charset` property
+is set to the charset that is unsupported.
+
+### unsupported content encoding "bogus"
+
+This error will occur when the request had a `Content-Encoding` header that
+contained an unsupported encoding. The encoding is contained in the message
+as well as in the `encoding` property. The `status` property is set to `415`,
+the `type` property is set to `'encoding.unsupported'`, and the `encoding`
+property is set to the encoding that is unsupported.
+
+### The input exceeded the depth
+
+This error occurs when using `bodyParser.urlencoded` with the `extended` property set to `true` and the input exceeds the configured `depth` option. The `status` property is set to `400`. It is recommended to review the `depth` option and evaluate if it requires a higher value. When the `depth` option is set to `32` (default value), the error will not be thrown.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Express/Connect top-level generic
+
+This example demonstrates adding a generic JSON and URL-encoded parser as a
+top-level middleware, which will parse the bodies of all incoming requests.
+This is the simplest setup.
+
+```js
+var express = require('express')
+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
+
+var app = express()
+
+// parse application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }))
+
+// parse application/json
+app.use(bodyParser.json())
+
+app.use(function (req, res) {
+  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain')
+  res.write('you posted:\n')
+  res.end(JSON.stringify(req.body, null, 2))
+})
+```
+
+### Express route-specific
+
+This example demonstrates adding body parsers specifically to the routes that
+need them. In general, this is the most recommended way to use body-parser with
+Express.
+
+```js
+var express = require('express')
+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
+
+var app = express()
+
+// create application/json parser
+var jsonParser = bodyParser.json()
+
+// create application/x-www-form-urlencoded parser
+var urlencodedParser = bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false })
+
+// POST /login gets urlencoded bodies
+app.post('/login', urlencodedParser, function (req, res) {
+  res.send('welcome, ' + req.body.username)
+})
+
+// POST /api/users gets JSON bodies
+app.post('/api/users', jsonParser, function (req, res) {
+  // create user in req.body
+})
+```
+
+### Change accepted type for parsers
+
+All the parsers accept a `type` option which allows you to change the
+`Content-Type` that the middleware will parse.
+
+```js
+var express = require('express')
+var bodyParser = require('body-parser')
+
+var app = express()
+
+// parse various different custom JSON types as JSON
+app.use(bodyParser.json({ type: 'application/*+json' }))
+
+// parse some custom thing into a Buffer
+app.use(bodyParser.raw({ type: 'application/vnd.custom-type' }))
+
+// parse an HTML body into a string
+app.use(bodyParser.text({ type: 'text/html' }))
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[ci-image]: https://badgen.net/github/checks/expressjs/body-parser/master?label=ci
+[ci-url]: https://github.com/expressjs/body-parser/actions/workflows/ci.yml
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/expressjs/body-parser/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/expressjs/body-parser?branch=master
+[node-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/body-parser
+[node-version-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/body-parser
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/body-parser
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/body-parser
+[ossf-scorecard-badge]: https://api.scorecard.dev/projects/github.com/expressjs/body-parser/badge
+[ossf-scorecard-visualizer]: https://ossf.github.io/scorecard-visualizer/#/projects/github.com/expressjs/body-parser
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var deprecate = require('depd')('body-parser')
+
+/**
+ * Cache of loaded parsers.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var parsers = Object.create(null)
+
+/**
+ * @typedef Parsers
+ * @type {function}
+ * @property {function} json
+ * @property {function} raw
+ * @property {function} text
+ * @property {function} urlencoded
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @type {Parsers}
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = deprecate.function(bodyParser,
+  'bodyParser: use individual json/urlencoded middlewares')
+
+/**
+ * JSON parser.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, 'json', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: createParserGetter('json')
+})
+
+/**
+ * Raw parser.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, 'raw', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: createParserGetter('raw')
+})
+
+/**
+ * Text parser.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, 'text', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: createParserGetter('text')
+})
+
+/**
+ * URL-encoded parser.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, 'urlencoded', {
+  configurable: true,
+  enumerable: true,
+  get: createParserGetter('urlencoded')
+})
+
+/**
+ * Create a middleware to parse json and urlencoded bodies.
+ *
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {function}
+ * @deprecated
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function bodyParser (options) {
+  // use default type for parsers
+  var opts = Object.create(options || null, {
+    type: {
+      configurable: true,
+      enumerable: true,
+      value: undefined,
+      writable: true
+    }
+  })
+
+  var _urlencoded = exports.urlencoded(opts)
+  var _json = exports.json(opts)
+
+  return function bodyParser (req, res, next) {
+    _json(req, res, function (err) {
+      if (err) return next(err)
+      _urlencoded(req, res, next)
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a getter for loading a parser.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createParserGetter (name) {
+  return function get () {
+    return loadParser(name)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load a parser module.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function loadParser (parserName) {
+  var parser = parsers[parserName]
+
+  if (parser !== undefined) {
+    return parser
+  }
+
+  // this uses a switch for static require analysis
+  switch (parserName) {
+    case 'json':
+      parser = require('./lib/types/json')
+      break
+    case 'raw':
+      parser = require('./lib/types/raw')
+      break
+    case 'text':
+      parser = require('./lib/types/text')
+      break
+    case 'urlencoded':
+      parser = require('./lib/types/urlencoded')
+      break
+  }
+
+  // store to prevent invoking require()
+  return (parsers[parserName] = parser)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var createError = require('http-errors')
+var destroy = require('destroy')
+var getBody = require('raw-body')
+var iconv = require('iconv-lite')
+var onFinished = require('on-finished')
+var unpipe = require('unpipe')
+var zlib = require('zlib')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = read
+
+/**
+ * Read a request into a buffer and parse.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @param {object} res
+ * @param {function} next
+ * @param {function} parse
+ * @param {function} debug
+ * @param {object} options
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function read (req, res, next, parse, debug, options) {
+  var length
+  var opts = options
+  var stream
+
+  // flag as parsed
+  req._body = true
+
+  // read options
+  var encoding = opts.encoding !== null
+    ? opts.encoding
+    : null
+  var verify = opts.verify
+
+  try {
+    // get the content stream
+    stream = contentstream(req, debug, opts.inflate)
+    length = stream.length
+    stream.length = undefined
+  } catch (err) {
+    return next(err)
+  }
+
+  // set raw-body options
+  opts.length = length
+  opts.encoding = verify
+    ? null
+    : encoding
+
+  // assert charset is supported
+  if (opts.encoding === null && encoding !== null && !iconv.encodingExists(encoding)) {
+    return next(createError(415, 'unsupported charset "' + encoding.toUpperCase() + '"', {
+      charset: encoding.toLowerCase(),
+      type: 'charset.unsupported'
+    }))
+  }
+
+  // read body
+  debug('read body')
+  getBody(stream, opts, function (error, body) {
+    if (error) {
+      var _error
+
+      if (error.type === 'encoding.unsupported') {
+        // echo back charset
+        _error = createError(415, 'unsupported charset "' + encoding.toUpperCase() + '"', {
+          charset: encoding.toLowerCase(),
+          type: 'charset.unsupported'
+        })
+      } else {
+        // set status code on error
+        _error = createError(400, error)
+      }
+
+      // unpipe from stream and destroy
+      if (stream !== req) {
+        unpipe(req)
+        destroy(stream, true)
+      }
+
+      // read off entire request
+      dump(req, function onfinished () {
+        next(createError(400, _error))
+      })
+      return
+    }
+
+    // verify
+    if (verify) {
+      try {
+        debug('verify body')
+        verify(req, res, body, encoding)
+      } catch (err) {
+        next(createError(403, err, {
+          body: body,
+          type: err.type || 'entity.verify.failed'
+        }))
+        return
+      }
+    }
+
+    // parse
+    var str = body
+    try {
+      debug('parse body')
+      str = typeof body !== 'string' && encoding !== null
+        ? iconv.decode(body, encoding)
+        : body
+      req.body = parse(str)
+    } catch (err) {
+      next(createError(400, err, {
+        body: str,
+        type: err.type || 'entity.parse.failed'
+      }))
+      return
+    }
+
+    next()
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the content stream of the request.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @param {function} debug
+ * @param {boolean} [inflate=true]
+ * @return {object}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function contentstream (req, debug, inflate) {
+  var encoding = (req.headers['content-encoding'] || 'identity').toLowerCase()
+  var length = req.headers['content-length']
+  var stream
+
+  debug('content-encoding "%s"', encoding)
+
+  if (inflate === false && encoding !== 'identity') {
+    throw createError(415, 'content encoding unsupported', {
+      encoding: encoding,
+      type: 'encoding.unsupported'
+    })
+  }
+
+  switch (encoding) {
+    case 'deflate':
+      stream = zlib.createInflate()
+      debug('inflate body')
+      req.pipe(stream)
+      break
+    case 'gzip':
+      stream = zlib.createGunzip()
+      debug('gunzip body')
+      req.pipe(stream)
+      break
+    case 'identity':
+      stream = req
+      stream.length = length
+      break
+    default:
+      throw createError(415, 'unsupported content encoding "' + encoding + '"', {
+        encoding: encoding,
+        type: 'encoding.unsupported'
+      })
+  }
+
+  return stream
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dump the contents of a request.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @param {function} callback
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function dump (req, callback) {
+  if (onFinished.isFinished(req)) {
+    callback(null)
+  } else {
+    onFinished(req, callback)
+    req.resume()
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var bytes = require('bytes')
+var contentType = require('content-type')
+var createError = require('http-errors')
+var debug = require('debug')('body-parser:json')
+var read = require('../read')
+var typeis = require('type-is')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = json
+
+/**
+ * RegExp to match the first non-space in a string.
+ *
+ * Allowed whitespace is defined in RFC 7159:
+ *
+ *    ws = *(
+ *            %x20 /              ; Space
+ *            %x09 /              ; Horizontal tab
+ *            %x0A /              ; Line feed or New line
+ *            %x0D )              ; Carriage return
+ */
+
+var FIRST_CHAR_REGEXP = /^[\x20\x09\x0a\x0d]*([^\x20\x09\x0a\x0d])/ // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
+
+var JSON_SYNTAX_CHAR = '#'
+var JSON_SYNTAX_REGEXP = /#+/g
+
+/**
+ * Create a middleware to parse JSON bodies.
+ *
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {function}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function json (options) {
+  var opts = options || {}
+
+  var limit = typeof opts.limit === 'undefined' || opts.limit === null
+    ? 102400 // 100kb default
+    : bytes.parse(opts.limit)
+  var inflate = opts.inflate !== false
+  var reviver = opts.reviver
+  var strict = opts.strict !== false
+  var type = opts.type || 'application/json'
+  var verify = opts.verify || false
+
+  if (limit === null) {
+    throw new TypeError('option limit "' + String(opts.limit) + '" is invalid')
+  }
+
+  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
+  }
+
+  // create the appropriate type checking function
+  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
+    ? typeChecker(type)
+    : type
+
+  function parse (body) {
+    if (body.length === 0) {
+      // special-case empty json body, as it's a common client-side mistake
+      // TODO: maybe make this configurable or part of "strict" option
+      return {}
+    }
+
+    if (strict) {
+      var first = firstchar(body)
+
+      if (first !== '{' && first !== '[') {
+        debug('strict violation')
+        throw createStrictSyntaxError(body, first)
+      }
+    }
+
+    try {
+      debug('parse json')
+      return JSON.parse(body, reviver)
+    } catch (e) {
+      throw normalizeJsonSyntaxError(e, {
+        message: e.message,
+        stack: e.stack
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  return function jsonParser (req, res, next) {
+    if (req._body) {
+      debug('body already parsed')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    req.body = req.body || {}
+
+    // skip requests without bodies
+    if (!typeis.hasBody(req)) {
+      debug('skip empty body')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    debug('content-type %j', req.headers['content-type'])
+
+    // determine if request should be parsed
+    if (!shouldParse(req)) {
+      debug('skip parsing')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    // assert charset per RFC 7159 sec 8.1
+    var charset = getCharset(req) || 'utf-8'
+    if (charset.slice(0, 4) !== 'utf-') {
+      debug('invalid charset')
+      next(createError(415, 'unsupported charset "' + charset.toUpperCase() + '"', {
+        charset: charset,
+        type: 'charset.unsupported'
+      }))
+      return
+    }
+
+    // read
+    read(req, res, next, parse, debug, {
+      encoding: charset,
+      inflate: inflate,
+      limit: limit,
+      verify: verify
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create strict violation syntax error matching native error.
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @param {string} char
+ * @return {Error}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createStrictSyntaxError (str, char) {
+  var index = str.indexOf(char)
+  var partial = ''
+
+  if (index !== -1) {
+    partial = str.substring(0, index) + new Array(str.length - index + 1).join(JSON_SYNTAX_CHAR)
+  }
+
+  try {
+    JSON.parse(partial); /* istanbul ignore next */ throw new SyntaxError('strict violation')
+  } catch (e) {
+    return normalizeJsonSyntaxError(e, {
+      message: e.message.replace(JSON_SYNTAX_REGEXP, function (placeholder) {
+        return str.substring(index, index + placeholder.length)
+      }),
+      stack: e.stack
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the first non-whitespace character in a string.
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @return {function}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function firstchar (str) {
+  var match = FIRST_CHAR_REGEXP.exec(str)
+
+  return match
+    ? match[1]
+    : undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the charset of a request.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function getCharset (req) {
+  try {
+    return (contentType.parse(req).parameters.charset || '').toLowerCase()
+  } catch (e) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalize a SyntaxError for JSON.parse.
+ *
+ * @param {SyntaxError} error
+ * @param {object} obj
+ * @return {SyntaxError}
+ */
+
+function normalizeJsonSyntaxError (error, obj) {
+  var keys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(error)
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    var key = keys[i]
+    if (key !== 'stack' && key !== 'message') {
+      delete error[key]
+    }
+  }
+
+  // replace stack before message for Node.js 0.10 and below
+  error.stack = obj.stack.replace(error.message, obj.message)
+  error.message = obj.message
+
+  return error
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the simple type checker.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @return {function}
+ */
+
+function typeChecker (type) {
+  return function checkType (req) {
+    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var bytes = require('bytes')
+var debug = require('debug')('body-parser:raw')
+var read = require('../read')
+var typeis = require('type-is')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = raw
+
+/**
+ * Create a middleware to parse raw bodies.
+ *
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function raw (options) {
+  var opts = options || {}
+
+  var inflate = opts.inflate !== false
+  var limit = typeof opts.limit === 'undefined' || opts.limit === null
+    ? 102400 // 100kb default
+    : bytes.parse(opts.limit)
+  var type = opts.type || 'application/octet-stream'
+  var verify = opts.verify || false
+
+  if (limit === null) {
+    throw new TypeError('option limit "' + String(opts.limit) + '" is invalid')
+  }
+
+  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
+  }
+
+  // create the appropriate type checking function
+  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
+    ? typeChecker(type)
+    : type
+
+  function parse (buf) {
+    return buf
+  }
+
+  return function rawParser (req, res, next) {
+    if (req._body) {
+      debug('body already parsed')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    req.body = req.body || {}
+
+    // skip requests without bodies
+    if (!typeis.hasBody(req)) {
+      debug('skip empty body')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    debug('content-type %j', req.headers['content-type'])
+
+    // determine if request should be parsed
+    if (!shouldParse(req)) {
+      debug('skip parsing')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    // read
+    read(req, res, next, parse, debug, {
+      encoding: null,
+      inflate: inflate,
+      limit: limit,
+      verify: verify
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the simple type checker.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @return {function}
+ */
+
+function typeChecker (type) {
+  return function checkType (req) {
+    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var bytes = require('bytes')
+var contentType = require('content-type')
+var debug = require('debug')('body-parser:text')
+var read = require('../read')
+var typeis = require('type-is')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = text
+
+/**
+ * Create a middleware to parse text bodies.
+ *
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function text (options) {
+  var opts = options || {}
+
+  var defaultCharset = opts.defaultCharset || 'utf-8'
+  var inflate = opts.inflate !== false
+  var limit = typeof opts.limit === 'undefined' || opts.limit === null
+    ? 102400 // 100kb default
+    : bytes.parse(opts.limit)
+  var type = opts.type || 'text/plain'
+  var verify = opts.verify || false
+
+  if (limit === null) {
+    throw new TypeError('option limit "' + String(opts.limit) + '" is invalid')
+  }
+
+  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
+  }
+
+  // create the appropriate type checking function
+  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
+    ? typeChecker(type)
+    : type
+
+  function parse (buf) {
+    return buf
+  }
+
+  return function textParser (req, res, next) {
+    if (req._body) {
+      debug('body already parsed')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    req.body = req.body || {}
+
+    // skip requests without bodies
+    if (!typeis.hasBody(req)) {
+      debug('skip empty body')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    debug('content-type %j', req.headers['content-type'])
+
+    // determine if request should be parsed
+    if (!shouldParse(req)) {
+      debug('skip parsing')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    // get charset
+    var charset = getCharset(req) || defaultCharset
+
+    // read
+    read(req, res, next, parse, debug, {
+      encoding: charset,
+      inflate: inflate,
+      limit: limit,
+      verify: verify
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the charset of a request.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function getCharset (req) {
+  try {
+    return (contentType.parse(req).parameters.charset || '').toLowerCase()
+  } catch (e) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the simple type checker.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @return {function}
+ */
+
+function typeChecker (type) {
+  return function checkType (req) {
+    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var bytes = require('bytes')
+var contentType = require('content-type')
+var createError = require('http-errors')
+var debug = require('debug')('body-parser:urlencoded')
+var deprecate = require('depd')('body-parser')
+var read = require('../read')
+var typeis = require('type-is')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = urlencoded
+
+/**
+ * Cache of parser modules.
+ */
+
+var parsers = Object.create(null)
+
+/**
+ * Create a middleware to parse urlencoded bodies.
+ *
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @return {function}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function urlencoded (options) {
+  var opts = options || {}
+
+  // notice because option default will flip in next major
+  if (opts.extended === undefined) {
+    deprecate('undefined extended: provide extended option')
+  }
+
+  var extended = opts.extended !== false
+  var inflate = opts.inflate !== false
+  var limit = typeof opts.limit === 'undefined' || opts.limit === null
+    ? 102400 // 100kb default
+    : bytes.parse(opts.limit)
+  var type = opts.type || 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+  var verify = opts.verify || false
+
+  if (limit === null) {
+    throw new TypeError('option limit "' + String(opts.limit) + '" is invalid')
+  }
+
+  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
+  }
+
+  // create the appropriate query parser
+  var queryparse = extended
+    ? extendedparser(opts)
+    : simpleparser(opts)
+
+  // create the appropriate type checking function
+  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
+    ? typeChecker(type)
+    : type
+
+  function parse (body) {
+    return body.length
+      ? queryparse(body)
+      : {}
+  }
+
+  return function urlencodedParser (req, res, next) {
+    if (req._body) {
+      debug('body already parsed')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    req.body = req.body || {}
+
+    // skip requests without bodies
+    if (!typeis.hasBody(req)) {
+      debug('skip empty body')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    debug('content-type %j', req.headers['content-type'])
+
+    // determine if request should be parsed
+    if (!shouldParse(req)) {
+      debug('skip parsing')
+      next()
+      return
+    }
+
+    // assert charset
+    var charset = getCharset(req) || 'utf-8'
+    if (charset !== 'utf-8') {
+      debug('invalid charset')
+      next(createError(415, 'unsupported charset "' + charset.toUpperCase() + '"', {
+        charset: charset,
+        type: 'charset.unsupported'
+      }))
+      return
+    }
+
+    // read
+    read(req, res, next, parse, debug, {
+      debug: debug,
+      encoding: charset,
+      inflate: inflate,
+      limit: limit,
+      verify: verify
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the extended query parser.
+ *
+ * @param {object} options
+ */
+
+function extendedparser (options) {
+  var parameterLimit = options.parameterLimit !== undefined
+    ? options.parameterLimit
+    : 1000
+  var depth = options.depth !== undefined ? options.depth : 32
+  var parse = parser('qs')
+
+  if (isNaN(parameterLimit) || parameterLimit < 1) {
+    throw new TypeError('option parameterLimit must be a positive number')
+  }
+
+  if (isNaN(depth) || depth < 0) {
+    throw new TypeError('option depth must be a zero or a positive number')
+  }
+
+  if (isFinite(parameterLimit)) {
+    parameterLimit = parameterLimit | 0
+  }
+
+  return function queryparse (body) {
+    var paramCount = parameterCount(body, parameterLimit)
+
+    if (paramCount === undefined) {
+      debug('too many parameters')
+      throw createError(413, 'too many parameters', {
+        type: 'parameters.too.many'
+      })
+    }
+
+    var arrayLimit = Math.max(100, paramCount)
+
+    debug('parse extended urlencoding')
+    try {
+      return parse(body, {
+        allowPrototypes: true,
+        arrayLimit: arrayLimit,
+        depth: depth,
+        strictDepth: true,
+        parameterLimit: parameterLimit
+      })
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof RangeError) {
+        throw createError(400, 'The input exceeded the depth', {
+          type: 'querystring.parse.rangeError'
+        })
+      } else {
+        throw err
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the charset of a request.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function getCharset (req) {
+  try {
+    return (contentType.parse(req).parameters.charset || '').toLowerCase()
+  } catch (e) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Count the number of parameters, stopping once limit reached
+ *
+ * @param {string} body
+ * @param {number} limit
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function parameterCount (body, limit) {
+  var count = 0
+  var index = -1
+
+  do {
+    count++
+    if (count > limit) {
+      return undefined
+    }
+    index = body.indexOf('&', index + 1)
+  } while (index !== -1)
+
+  return count
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get parser for module name dynamically.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name
+ * @return {function}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function parser (name) {
+  var mod = parsers[name]
+
+  if (mod !== undefined) {
+    return mod.parse
+  }
+
+  // this uses a switch for static require analysis
+  switch (name) {
+    case 'qs':
+      mod = require('qs')
+      break
+    case 'querystring':
+      mod = require('querystring')
+      break
+  }
+
+  // store to prevent invoking require()
+  parsers[name] = mod
+
+  return mod.parse
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the simple query parser.
+ *
+ * @param {object} options
+ */
+
+function simpleparser (options) {
+  var parameterLimit = options.parameterLimit !== undefined
+    ? options.parameterLimit
+    : 1000
+  var parse = parser('querystring')
+
+  if (isNaN(parameterLimit) || parameterLimit < 1) {
+    throw new TypeError('option parameterLimit must be a positive number')
+  }
+
+  if (isFinite(parameterLimit)) {
+    parameterLimit = parameterLimit | 0
+  }
+
+  return function queryparse (body) {
+    var paramCount = parameterCount(body, parameterLimit)
+
+    if (paramCount === undefined) {
+      debug('too many parameters')
+      throw createError(413, 'too many parameters', {
+        type: 'parameters.too.many'
+      })
+    }
+
+    debug('parse urlencoding')
+    return parse(body, undefined, undefined, { maxKeys: parameterLimit })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the simple type checker.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @return {function}
+ */
+
+function typeChecker (type) {
+  return function checkType (req) {
+    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+repo_token: SIAeZjKYlHK74rbcFvNHMUzjRiMpflxve
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "env": {
+    "browser": true,
+    "node": true
+  },
+  "rules": {
+    "no-console": 0,
+    "no-empty": [1, { "allowEmptyCatch": true }]
+  },
+  "extends": "eslint:recommended"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+support
+test
+examples
+example
+*.sock
+dist
+yarn.lock
+coverage
+bower.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - "6"
+  - "5"
+  - "4"
+
+install:
+  - make node_modules
+
+script:
+  - make lint
+  - make test
+  - make coveralls
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+
+2.6.9 / 2017-09-22
+==================
+
+  * remove ReDoS regexp in %o formatter (#504)
+
+2.6.8 / 2017-05-18
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Check for undefined on browser globals (#462, @marbemac)
+
+2.6.7 / 2017-05-16
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Update ms to 2.0.0 to fix regular expression denial of service vulnerability (#458, @hubdotcom)
+  * Fix: Inline extend function in node implementation (#452, @dougwilson)
+  * Docs: Fix typo (#455, @msasad)
+
+2.6.5 / 2017-04-27
+==================
+  
+  * Fix: null reference check on window.documentElement.style.WebkitAppearance (#447, @thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: clean up browser reference checks (#447, @thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: add npm-debug.log to .gitignore (@thebigredgeek)
+
+
+2.6.4 / 2017-04-20
+==================
+
+  * Fix: bug that would occure if process.env.DEBUG is a non-string value. (#444, @LucianBuzzo)
+  * Chore: ignore bower.json in npm installations. (#437, @joaovieira)
+  * Misc: update "ms" to v0.7.3 (@tootallnate)
+
+2.6.3 / 2017-03-13
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Electron reference to `process.env.DEBUG` (#431, @paulcbetts)
+  * Docs: Changelog fix (@thebigredgeek)
+
+2.6.2 / 2017-03-10
+==================
+
+  * Fix: DEBUG_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH (#420, @slavaGanzin)
+  * Docs: Add backers and sponsors from Open Collective (#422, @piamancini)
+  * Docs: Add Slackin invite badge (@tootallnate)
+
+2.6.1 / 2017-02-10
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Module's `export default` syntax fix for IE8 `Expected identifier` error
+  * Fix: Whitelist DEBUG_FD for values 1 and 2 only (#415, @pi0)
+  * Fix: IE8 "Expected identifier" error (#414, @vgoma)
+  * Fix: Namespaces would not disable once enabled (#409, @musikov)
+
+2.6.0 / 2016-12-28
+==================
+
+  * Fix: added better null pointer checks for browser useColors (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Improvement: removed explicit `window.debug` export (#404, @tootallnate)
+  * Improvement: deprecated `DEBUG_FD` environment variable (#405, @tootallnate)
+
+2.5.2 / 2016-12-25
+==================
+
+  * Fix: reference error on window within webworkers (#393, @KlausTrainer)
+  * Docs: fixed README typo (#391, @lurch)
+  * Docs: added notice about v3 api discussion (@thebigredgeek)
+
+2.5.1 / 2016-12-20
+==================
+
+  * Fix: babel-core compatibility
+
+2.5.0 / 2016-12-20
+==================
+
+  * Fix: wrong reference in bower file (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Fix: webworker compatibility (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Fix: output formatting issue (#388, @kribblo)
+  * Fix: babel-loader compatibility (#383, @escwald)
+  * Misc: removed built asset from repo and publications (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: moved source files to /src (#378, @yamikuronue)
+  * Test: added karma integration and replaced babel with browserify for browser tests (#378, @yamikuronue)
+  * Test: coveralls integration (#378, @yamikuronue)
+  * Docs: simplified language in the opening paragraph (#373, @yamikuronue)
+
+2.4.5 / 2016-12-17
+==================
+
+  * Fix: `navigator` undefined in Rhino (#376, @jochenberger)
+  * Fix: custom log function (#379, @hsiliev)
+  * Improvement: bit of cleanup + linting fixes (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Improvement: rm non-maintainted `dist/` dir (#375, @freewil)
+  * Docs: simplified language in the opening paragraph. (#373, @yamikuronue)
+
+2.4.4 / 2016-12-14
+==================
+
+  * Fix: work around debug being loaded in preload scripts for electron (#368, @paulcbetts)
+
+2.4.3 / 2016-12-14
+==================
+
+  * Fix: navigation.userAgent error for react native (#364, @escwald)
+
+2.4.2 / 2016-12-14
+==================
+
+  * Fix: browser colors (#367, @tootallnate)
+  * Misc: travis ci integration (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: added linting and testing boilerplate with sanity check (@thebigredgeek)
+
+2.4.1 / 2016-12-13
+==================
+
+  * Fix: typo that broke the package (#356)
+
+2.4.0 / 2016-12-13
+==================
+
+  * Fix: bower.json references unbuilt src entry point (#342, @justmatt)
+  * Fix: revert "handle regex special characters" (@tootallnate)
+  * Feature: configurable util.inspect()`options for NodeJS (#327, @tootallnate)
+  * Feature: %O`(big O) pretty-prints objects (#322, @tootallnate)
+  * Improvement: allow colors in workers (#335, @botverse)
+  * Improvement: use same color for same namespace. (#338, @lchenay)
+
+2.3.3 / 2016-11-09
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Catch `JSON.stringify()` errors (#195, Jovan Alleyne)
+  * Fix: Returning `localStorage` saved values (#331, Levi Thomason)
+  * Improvement: Don't create an empty object when no `process` (Nathan Rajlich)
+
+2.3.2 / 2016-11-09
+==================
+
+  * Fix: be super-safe in index.js as well (@TooTallNate)
+  * Fix: should check whether process exists (Tom Newby)
+
+2.3.1 / 2016-11-09
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Added electron compatibility (#324, @paulcbetts)
+  * Improvement: Added performance optimizations (@tootallnate)
+  * Readme: Corrected PowerShell environment variable example (#252, @gimre)
+  * Misc: Removed yarn lock file from source control (#321, @fengmk2)
+
+2.3.0 / 2016-11-07
+==================
+
+  * Fix: Consistent placement of ms diff at end of output (#215, @gorangajic)
+  * Fix: Escaping of regex special characters in namespace strings (#250, @zacronos)
+  * Fix: Fixed bug causing crash on react-native (#282, @vkarpov15)
+  * Feature: Enabled ES6+ compatible import via default export (#212 @bucaran)
+  * Feature: Added %O formatter to reflect Chrome's console.log capability (#279, @oncletom)
+  * Package: Update "ms" to 0.7.2 (#315, @DevSide)
+  * Package: removed superfluous version property from bower.json (#207 @kkirsche)
+  * Readme: fix USE_COLORS to DEBUG_COLORS
+  * Readme: Doc fixes for format string sugar (#269, @mlucool)
+  * Readme: Updated docs for DEBUG_FD and DEBUG_COLORS environment variables (#232, @mattlyons0)
+  * Readme: doc fixes for PowerShell (#271 #243, @exoticknight @unreadable)
+  * Readme: better docs for browser support (#224, @matthewmueller)
+  * Tooling: Added yarn integration for development (#317, @thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: Renamed History.md to CHANGELOG.md (@thebigredgeek)
+  * Misc: Added license file (#226 #274, @CantemoInternal @sdaitzman)
+  * Misc: Updated contributors (@thebigredgeek)
+
+2.2.0 / 2015-05-09
+==================
+
+  * package: update "ms" to v0.7.1 (#202, @dougwilson)
+  * README: add logging to file example (#193, @DanielOchoa)
+  * README: fixed a typo (#191, @amir-s)
+  * browser: expose `storage` (#190, @stephenmathieson)
+  * Makefile: add a `distclean` target (#189, @stephenmathieson)
+
+2.1.3 / 2015-03-13
+==================
+
+  * Updated stdout/stderr example (#186)
+  * Updated example/stdout.js to match debug current behaviour
+  * Renamed example/stderr.js to stdout.js
+  * Update Readme.md (#184)
+  * replace high intensity foreground color for bold (#182, #183)
+
+2.1.2 / 2015-03-01
+==================
+
+  * dist: recompile
+  * update "ms" to v0.7.0
+  * package: update "browserify" to v9.0.3
+  * component: fix "ms.js" repo location
+  * changed bower package name
+  * updated documentation about using debug in a browser
+  * fix: security error on safari (#167, #168, @yields)
+
+2.1.1 / 2014-12-29
+==================
+
+  * browser: use `typeof` to check for `console` existence
+  * browser: check for `console.log` truthiness (fix IE 8/9)
+  * browser: add support for Chrome apps
+  * Readme: added Windows usage remarks
+  * Add `bower.json` to properly support bower install
+
+2.1.0 / 2014-10-15
+==================
+
+  * node: implement `DEBUG_FD` env variable support
+  * package: update "browserify" to v6.1.0
+  * package: add "license" field to package.json (#135, @panuhorsmalahti)
+
+2.0.0 / 2014-09-01
+==================
+
+  * package: update "browserify" to v5.11.0
+  * node: use stderr rather than stdout for logging (#29, @stephenmathieson)
+
+1.0.4 / 2014-07-15
+==================
+
+  * dist: recompile
+  * example: remove `console.info()` log usage
+  * example: add "Content-Type" UTF-8 header to browser example
+  * browser: place %c marker after the space character
+  * browser: reset the "content" color via `color: inherit`
+  * browser: add colors support for Firefox >= v31
+  * debug: prefer an instance `log()` function over the global one (#119)
+  * Readme: update documentation about styled console logs for FF v31 (#116, @wryk)
+
+1.0.3 / 2014-07-09
+==================
+
+  * Add support for multiple wildcards in namespaces (#122, @seegno)
+  * browser: fix lint
+
+1.0.2 / 2014-06-10
+==================
+
+  * browser: update color palette (#113, @gscottolson)
+  * common: make console logging function configurable (#108, @timoxley)
+  * node: fix %o colors on old node <= 0.8.x
+  * Makefile: find node path using shell/which (#109, @timoxley)
+
+1.0.1 / 2014-06-06
+==================
+
+  * browser: use `removeItem()` to clear localStorage
+  * browser, node: don't set DEBUG if namespaces is undefined (#107, @leedm777)
+  * package: add "contributors" section
+  * node: fix comment typo
+  * README: list authors
+
+1.0.0 / 2014-06-04
+==================
+
+  * make ms diff be global, not be scope
+  * debug: ignore empty strings in enable()
+  * node: make DEBUG_COLORS able to disable coloring
+  * *: export the `colors` array
+  * npmignore: don't publish the `dist` dir
+  * Makefile: refactor to use browserify
+  * package: add "browserify" as a dev dependency
+  * Readme: add Web Inspector Colors section
+  * node: reset terminal color for the debug content
+  * node: map "%o" to `util.inspect()`
+  * browser: map "%j" to `JSON.stringify()`
+  * debug: add custom "formatters"
+  * debug: use "ms" module for humanizing the diff
+  * Readme: add "bash" syntax highlighting
+  * browser: add Firebug color support
+  * browser: add colors for WebKit browsers
+  * node: apply log to `console`
+  * rewrite: abstract common logic for Node & browsers
+  * add .jshintrc file
+
+0.8.1 / 2014-04-14
+==================
+
+  * package: re-add the "component" section
+
+0.8.0 / 2014-03-30
+==================
+
+  * add `enable()` method for nodejs. Closes #27
+  * change from stderr to stdout
+  * remove unnecessary index.js file
+
+0.7.4 / 2013-11-13
+==================
+
+  * remove "browserify" key from package.json (fixes something in browserify)
+
+0.7.3 / 2013-10-30
+==================
+
+  * fix: catch localStorage security error when cookies are blocked (Chrome)
+  * add debug(err) support. Closes #46
+  * add .browser prop to package.json. Closes #42
+
+0.7.2 / 2013-02-06
+==================
+
+  * fix package.json
+  * fix: Mobile Safari (private mode) is broken with debug
+  * fix: Use unicode to send escape character to shell instead of octal to work with strict mode javascript
+
+0.7.1 / 2013-02-05
+==================
+
+  * add repository URL to package.json
+  * add DEBUG_COLORED to force colored output
+  * add browserify support
+  * fix component. Closes #24
+
+0.7.0 / 2012-05-04
+==================
+
+  * Added .component to package.json
+  * Added debug.component.js build
+
+0.6.0 / 2012-03-16
+==================
+
+  * Added support for "-" prefix in DEBUG [Vinay Pulim]
+  * Added `.enabled` flag to the node version [TooTallNate]
+
+0.5.0 / 2012-02-02
+==================
+
+  * Added: humanize diffs. Closes #8
+  * Added `debug.disable()` to the CS variant
+  * Removed padding. Closes #10
+  * Fixed: persist client-side variant again. Closes #9
+
+0.4.0 / 2012-02-01
+==================
+
+  * Added browser variant support for older browsers [TooTallNate]
+  * Added `debug.enable('project:*')` to browser variant [TooTallNate]
+  * Added padding to diff (moved it to the right)
+
+0.3.0 / 2012-01-26
+==================
+
+  * Added millisecond diff when isatty, otherwise UTC string
+
+0.2.0 / 2012-01-22
+==================
+
+  * Added wildcard support
+
+0.1.0 / 2011-12-02
+==================
+
+  * Added: remove colors unless stderr isatty [TooTallNate]
+
+0.0.1 / 2010-01-03
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software 
+and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, 
+including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, 
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial 
+portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT 
+LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, 
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# get Makefile directory name: http://stackoverflow.com/a/5982798/376773
+THIS_MAKEFILE_PATH:=$(word $(words $(MAKEFILE_LIST)),$(MAKEFILE_LIST))
+THIS_DIR:=$(shell cd $(dir $(THIS_MAKEFILE_PATH));pwd)
+
+# BIN directory
+BIN := $(THIS_DIR)/node_modules/.bin
+
+# Path
+PATH := node_modules/.bin:$(PATH)
+SHELL := /bin/bash
+
+# applications
+NODE ?= $(shell which node)
+YARN ?= $(shell which yarn)
+PKG ?= $(if $(YARN),$(YARN),$(NODE) $(shell which npm))
+BROWSERIFY ?= $(NODE) $(BIN)/browserify
+
+.FORCE:
+
+install: node_modules
+
+node_modules: package.json
+	@NODE_ENV= $(PKG) install
+	@touch node_modules
+
+lint: .FORCE
+	eslint browser.js debug.js index.js node.js
+
+test-node: .FORCE
+	istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- test/**.js
+
+test-browser: .FORCE
+	mkdir -p dist
+
+	@$(BROWSERIFY) \
+		--standalone debug \
+		. > dist/debug.js
+
+	karma start --single-run
+	rimraf dist
+
+test: .FORCE
+	concurrently \
+		"make test-node" \
+		"make test-browser"
+
+coveralls:
+	cat ./coverage/lcov.info | ./node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js
+
+.PHONY: all install clean distclean
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+# debug
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/debug.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/debug)  [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/visionmedia/debug/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/github/visionmedia/debug?branch=master)  [![Slack](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/badge.svg)](https://visionmedia-community-slackin.now.sh/) [![OpenCollective](https://opencollective.com/debug/backers/badge.svg)](#backers) 
+[![OpenCollective](https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsors/badge.svg)](#sponsors)
+
+
+
+A tiny node.js debugging utility modelled after node core's debugging technique.
+
+**Discussion around the V3 API is under way [here](https://github.com/visionmedia/debug/issues/370)**
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+$ npm install debug
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+`debug` exposes a function; simply pass this function the name of your module, and it will return a decorated version of `console.error` for you to pass debug statements to. This will allow you to toggle the debug output for different parts of your module as well as the module as a whole.
+
+Example _app.js_:
+
+```js
+var debug = require('debug')('http')
+  , http = require('http')
+  , name = 'My App';
+
+// fake app
+
+debug('booting %s', name);
+
+http.createServer(function(req, res){
+  debug(req.method + ' ' + req.url);
+  res.end('hello\n');
+}).listen(3000, function(){
+  debug('listening');
+});
+
+// fake worker of some kind
+
+require('./worker');
+```
+
+Example _worker.js_:
+
+```js
+var debug = require('debug')('worker');
+
+setInterval(function(){
+  debug('doing some work');
+}, 1000);
+```
+
+ The __DEBUG__ environment variable is then used to enable these based on space or comma-delimited names. Here are some examples:
+
+  ![debug http and worker](http://f.cl.ly/items/18471z1H402O24072r1J/Screenshot.png)
+
+  ![debug worker](http://f.cl.ly/items/1X413v1a3M0d3C2c1E0i/Screenshot.png)
+
+#### Windows note
+
+ On Windows the environment variable is set using the `set` command.
+
+ ```cmd
+ set DEBUG=*,-not_this
+ ```
+
+ Note that PowerShell uses different syntax to set environment variables.
+
+ ```cmd
+ $env:DEBUG = "*,-not_this"
+  ```
+
+Then, run the program to be debugged as usual.
+
+## Millisecond diff
+
+  When actively developing an application it can be useful to see when the time spent between one `debug()` call and the next. Suppose for example you invoke `debug()` before requesting a resource, and after as well, the "+NNNms" will show you how much time was spent between calls.
+
+  ![](http://f.cl.ly/items/2i3h1d3t121M2Z1A3Q0N/Screenshot.png)
+
+  When stdout is not a TTY, `Date#toUTCString()` is used, making it more useful for logging the debug information as shown below:
+
+  ![](http://f.cl.ly/items/112H3i0e0o0P0a2Q2r11/Screenshot.png)
+
+## Conventions
+
+  If you're using this in one or more of your libraries, you _should_ use the name of your library so that developers may toggle debugging as desired without guessing names. If you have more than one debuggers you _should_ prefix them with your library name and use ":" to separate features. For example "bodyParser" from Connect would then be "connect:bodyParser".
+
+## Wildcards
+
+  The `*` character may be used as a wildcard. Suppose for example your library has debuggers named "connect:bodyParser", "connect:compress", "connect:session", instead of listing all three with `DEBUG=connect:bodyParser,connect:compress,connect:session`, you may simply do `DEBUG=connect:*`, or to run everything using this module simply use `DEBUG=*`.
+
+  You can also exclude specific debuggers by prefixing them with a "-" character.  For example, `DEBUG=*,-connect:*` would include all debuggers except those starting with "connect:".
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+  When running through Node.js, you can set a few environment variables that will
+  change the behavior of the debug logging:
+
+| Name      | Purpose                                         |
+|-----------|-------------------------------------------------|
+| `DEBUG`   | Enables/disables specific debugging namespaces. |
+| `DEBUG_COLORS`| Whether or not to use colors in the debug output. |
+| `DEBUG_DEPTH` | Object inspection depth. |
+| `DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN` | Shows hidden properties on inspected objects. |
+
+
+  __Note:__ The environment variables beginning with `DEBUG_` end up being
+  converted into an Options object that gets used with `%o`/`%O` formatters.
+  See the Node.js documentation for
+  [`util.inspect()`](https://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inspect_object_options)
+  for the complete list.
+
+## Formatters
+
+
+  Debug uses [printf-style](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Printf_format_string) formatting. Below are the officially supported formatters:
+
+| Formatter | Representation |
+|-----------|----------------|
+| `%O`      | Pretty-print an Object on multiple lines. |
+| `%o`      | Pretty-print an Object all on a single line. |
+| `%s`      | String. |
+| `%d`      | Number (both integer and float). |
+| `%j`      | JSON. Replaced with the string '[Circular]' if the argument contains circular references. |
+| `%%`      | Single percent sign ('%'). This does not consume an argument. |
+
+### Custom formatters
+
+  You can add custom formatters by extending the `debug.formatters` object. For example, if you wanted to add support for rendering a Buffer as hex with `%h`, you could do something like:
+
+```js
+const createDebug = require('debug')
+createDebug.formatters.h = (v) => {
+  return v.toString('hex')
+}
+
+// …elsewhere
+const debug = createDebug('foo')
+debug('this is hex: %h', new Buffer('hello world'))
+//   foo this is hex: 68656c6c6f20776f726c6421 +0ms
+```
+
+## Browser support
+  You can build a browser-ready script using [browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify),
+  or just use the [browserify-as-a-service](https://wzrd.in/) [build](https://wzrd.in/standalone/debug@latest),
+  if you don't want to build it yourself.
+
+  Debug's enable state is currently persisted by `localStorage`.
+  Consider the situation shown below where you have `worker:a` and `worker:b`,
+  and wish to debug both. You can enable this using `localStorage.debug`:
+
+```js
+localStorage.debug = 'worker:*'
+```
+
+And then refresh the page.
+
+```js
+a = debug('worker:a');
+b = debug('worker:b');
+
+setInterval(function(){
+  a('doing some work');
+}, 1000);
+
+setInterval(function(){
+  b('doing some work');
+}, 1200);
+```
+
+#### Web Inspector Colors
+
+  Colors are also enabled on "Web Inspectors" that understand the `%c` formatting
+  option. These are WebKit web inspectors, Firefox ([since version
+  31](https://hacks.mozilla.org/2014/05/editable-box-model-multiple-selection-sublime-text-keys-much-more-firefox-developer-tools-episode-31/))
+  and the Firebug plugin for Firefox (any version).
+
+  Colored output looks something like:
+
+  ![](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/71256/3139768/b98c5fd8-e8ef-11e3-862a-f7253b6f47c6.png)
+
+
+## Output streams
+
+  By default `debug` will log to stderr, however this can be configured per-namespace by overriding the `log` method:
+
+Example _stdout.js_:
+
+```js
+var debug = require('debug');
+var error = debug('app:error');
+
+// by default stderr is used
+error('goes to stderr!');
+
+var log = debug('app:log');
+// set this namespace to log via console.log
+log.log = console.log.bind(console); // don't forget to bind to console!
+log('goes to stdout');
+error('still goes to stderr!');
+
+// set all output to go via console.info
+// overrides all per-namespace log settings
+debug.log = console.info.bind(console);
+error('now goes to stdout via console.info');
+log('still goes to stdout, but via console.info now');
+```
+
+
+## Authors
+
+ - TJ Holowaychuk
+ - Nathan Rajlich
+ - Andrew Rhyne
+ 
+## Backers
+
+Support us with a monthly donation and help us continue our activities. [[Become a backer](https://opencollective.com/debug#backer)]
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/0/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/1/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/1/avatar.svg"></a>
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+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/5/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/5/avatar.svg"></a>
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+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/12/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/12/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/13/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/13/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/14/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/14/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/15/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/15/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/16/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/16/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/17/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/17/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/18/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/18/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/19/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/19/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/20/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/20/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/21/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/21/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/22/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/22/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/23/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/23/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/24/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/24/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/25/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/25/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/26/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/26/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/27/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/27/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/28/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/28/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/29/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/backer/29/avatar.svg"></a>
+
+
+## Sponsors
+
+Become a sponsor and get your logo on our README on Github with a link to your site. [[Become a sponsor](https://opencollective.com/debug#sponsor)]
+
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/0/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/0/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/1/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/1/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/2/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/2/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/3/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/3/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/4/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/4/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/5/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/5/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/6/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/6/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/7/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/7/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/8/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/8/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/9/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/9/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/10/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/10/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/11/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/11/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/12/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/12/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/13/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/13/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/14/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/14/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/15/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/15/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/16/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/16/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/17/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/17/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/18/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/18/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/19/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/19/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/20/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/20/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/21/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/21/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/22/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/22/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/23/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/23/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/24/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/24/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/25/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/25/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/26/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/26/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/27/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/27/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/28/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/28/avatar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/29/website" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/debug/sponsor/29/avatar.svg"></a>
+
+## License
+
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2016 TJ Holowaychuk &lt;tj@vision-media.ca&gt;
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "name": "debug",
+  "repo": "visionmedia/debug",
+  "description": "small debugging utility",
+  "version": "2.6.9",
+  "keywords": [
+    "debug",
+    "log",
+    "debugger"
+  ],
+  "main": "src/browser.js",
+  "scripts": [
+    "src/browser.js",
+    "src/debug.js"
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "rauchg/ms.js": "0.7.1"
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Karma configuration
+// Generated on Fri Dec 16 2016 13:09:51 GMT+0000 (UTC)
+
+module.exports = function(config) {
+  config.set({
+
+    // base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
+    basePath: '',
+
+
+    // frameworks to use
+    // available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
+    frameworks: ['mocha', 'chai', 'sinon'],
+
+
+    // list of files / patterns to load in the browser
+    files: [
+      'dist/debug.js',
+      'test/*spec.js'
+    ],
+
+
+    // list of files to exclude
+    exclude: [
+      'src/node.js'
+    ],
+
+
+    // preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
+    // available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor
+    preprocessors: {
+    },
+
+    // test results reporter to use
+    // possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
+    // available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
+    reporters: ['progress'],
+
+
+    // web server port
+    port: 9876,
+
+
+    // enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
+    colors: true,
+
+
+    // level of logging
+    // possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
+    logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,
+
+
+    // enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
+    autoWatch: true,
+
+
+    // start these browsers
+    // available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
+    browsers: ['PhantomJS'],
+
+
+    // Continuous Integration mode
+    // if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
+    singleRun: false,
+
+    // Concurrency level
+    // how many browser should be started simultaneous
+    concurrency: Infinity
+  })
+}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = require('./src/node');
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+{
+  "name": "debug",
+  "version": "2.6.9",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/visionmedia/debug.git"
+  },
+  "description": "small debugging utility",
+  "keywords": [
+    "debug",
+    "log",
+    "debugger"
+  ],
+  "author": "TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>",
+  "contributors": [
+    "Nathan Rajlich <nathan@tootallnate.net> (http://n8.io)",
+    "Andrew Rhyne <rhyneandrew@gmail.com>"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "ms": "2.0.0"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "browserify": "9.0.3",
+    "chai": "^3.5.0",
+    "concurrently": "^3.1.0",
+    "coveralls": "^2.11.15",
+    "eslint": "^3.12.1",
+    "istanbul": "^0.4.5",
+    "karma": "^1.3.0",
+    "karma-chai": "^0.1.0",
+    "karma-mocha": "^1.3.0",
+    "karma-phantomjs-launcher": "^1.0.2",
+    "karma-sinon": "^1.0.5",
+    "mocha": "^3.2.0",
+    "mocha-lcov-reporter": "^1.2.0",
+    "rimraf": "^2.5.4",
+    "sinon": "^1.17.6",
+    "sinon-chai": "^2.8.0"
+  },
+  "main": "./src/index.js",
+  "browser": "./src/browser.js",
+  "component": {
+    "scripts": {
+      "debug/index.js": "browser.js",
+      "debug/debug.js": "debug.js"
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/**
+ * This is the web browser implementation of `debug()`.
+ *
+ * Expose `debug()` as the module.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = require('./debug');
+exports.log = log;
+exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
+exports.save = save;
+exports.load = load;
+exports.useColors = useColors;
+exports.storage = 'undefined' != typeof chrome
+               && 'undefined' != typeof chrome.storage
+                  ? chrome.storage.local
+                  : localstorage();
+
+/**
+ * Colors.
+ */
+
+exports.colors = [
+  'lightseagreen',
+  'forestgreen',
+  'goldenrod',
+  'dodgerblue',
+  'darkorchid',
+  'crimson'
+];
+
+/**
+ * Currently only WebKit-based Web Inspectors, Firefox >= v31,
+ * and the Firebug extension (any Firefox version) are known
+ * to support "%c" CSS customizations.
+ *
+ * TODO: add a `localStorage` variable to explicitly enable/disable colors
+ */
+
+function useColors() {
+  // NB: In an Electron preload script, document will be defined but not fully
+  // initialized. Since we know we're in Chrome, we'll just detect this case
+  // explicitly
+  if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.process && window.process.type === 'renderer') {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // is webkit? http://stackoverflow.com/a/16459606/376773
+  // document is undefined in react-native: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/1632
+  return (typeof document !== 'undefined' && document.documentElement && document.documentElement.style && document.documentElement.style.WebkitAppearance) ||
+    // is firebug? http://stackoverflow.com/a/398120/376773
+    (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.console && (window.console.firebug || (window.console.exception && window.console.table))) ||
+    // is firefox >= v31?
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools/Web_Console#Styling_messages
+    (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/firefox\/(\d+)/) && parseInt(RegExp.$1, 10) >= 31) ||
+    // double check webkit in userAgent just in case we are in a worker
+    (typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && navigator.userAgent && navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().match(/applewebkit\/(\d+)/));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map %j to `JSON.stringify()`, since no Web Inspectors do that by default.
+ */
+
+exports.formatters.j = function(v) {
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(v);
+  } catch (err) {
+    return '[UnexpectedJSONParseError]: ' + err.message;
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Colorize log arguments if enabled.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function formatArgs(args) {
+  var useColors = this.useColors;
+
+  args[0] = (useColors ? '%c' : '')
+    + this.namespace
+    + (useColors ? ' %c' : ' ')
+    + args[0]
+    + (useColors ? '%c ' : ' ')
+    + '+' + exports.humanize(this.diff);
+
+  if (!useColors) return;
+
+  var c = 'color: ' + this.color;
+  args.splice(1, 0, c, 'color: inherit')
+
+  // the final "%c" is somewhat tricky, because there could be other
+  // arguments passed either before or after the %c, so we need to
+  // figure out the correct index to insert the CSS into
+  var index = 0;
+  var lastC = 0;
+  args[0].replace(/%[a-zA-Z%]/g, function(match) {
+    if ('%%' === match) return;
+    index++;
+    if ('%c' === match) {
+      // we only are interested in the *last* %c
+      // (the user may have provided their own)
+      lastC = index;
+    }
+  });
+
+  args.splice(lastC, 0, c);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invokes `console.log()` when available.
+ * No-op when `console.log` is not a "function".
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function log() {
+  // this hackery is required for IE8/9, where
+  // the `console.log` function doesn't have 'apply'
+  return 'object' === typeof console
+    && console.log
+    && Function.prototype.apply.call(console.log, console, arguments);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Save `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function save(namespaces) {
+  try {
+    if (null == namespaces) {
+      exports.storage.removeItem('debug');
+    } else {
+      exports.storage.debug = namespaces;
+    }
+  } catch(e) {}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function load() {
+  var r;
+  try {
+    r = exports.storage.debug;
+  } catch(e) {}
+
+  // If debug isn't set in LS, and we're in Electron, try to load $DEBUG
+  if (!r && typeof process !== 'undefined' && 'env' in process) {
+    r = process.env.DEBUG;
+  }
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enable namespaces listed in `localStorage.debug` initially.
+ */
+
+exports.enable(load());
+
+/**
+ * Localstorage attempts to return the localstorage.
+ *
+ * This is necessary because safari throws
+ * when a user disables cookies/localstorage
+ * and you attempt to access it.
+ *
+ * @return {LocalStorage}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function localstorage() {
+  try {
+    return window.localStorage;
+  } catch (e) {}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+/**
+ * This is the common logic for both the Node.js and web browser
+ * implementations of `debug()`.
+ *
+ * Expose `debug()` as the module.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = createDebug.debug = createDebug['default'] = createDebug;
+exports.coerce = coerce;
+exports.disable = disable;
+exports.enable = enable;
+exports.enabled = enabled;
+exports.humanize = require('ms');
+
+/**
+ * The currently active debug mode names, and names to skip.
+ */
+
+exports.names = [];
+exports.skips = [];
+
+/**
+ * Map of special "%n" handling functions, for the debug "format" argument.
+ *
+ * Valid key names are a single, lower or upper-case letter, i.e. "n" and "N".
+ */
+
+exports.formatters = {};
+
+/**
+ * Previous log timestamp.
+ */
+
+var prevTime;
+
+/**
+ * Select a color.
+ * @param {String} namespace
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function selectColor(namespace) {
+  var hash = 0, i;
+
+  for (i in namespace) {
+    hash  = ((hash << 5) - hash) + namespace.charCodeAt(i);
+    hash |= 0; // Convert to 32bit integer
+  }
+
+  return exports.colors[Math.abs(hash) % exports.colors.length];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a debugger with the given `namespace`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespace
+ * @return {Function}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function createDebug(namespace) {
+
+  function debug() {
+    // disabled?
+    if (!debug.enabled) return;
+
+    var self = debug;
+
+    // set `diff` timestamp
+    var curr = +new Date();
+    var ms = curr - (prevTime || curr);
+    self.diff = ms;
+    self.prev = prevTime;
+    self.curr = curr;
+    prevTime = curr;
+
+    // turn the `arguments` into a proper Array
+    var args = new Array(arguments.length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+      args[i] = arguments[i];
+    }
+
+    args[0] = exports.coerce(args[0]);
+
+    if ('string' !== typeof args[0]) {
+      // anything else let's inspect with %O
+      args.unshift('%O');
+    }
+
+    // apply any `formatters` transformations
+    var index = 0;
+    args[0] = args[0].replace(/%([a-zA-Z%])/g, function(match, format) {
+      // if we encounter an escaped % then don't increase the array index
+      if (match === '%%') return match;
+      index++;
+      var formatter = exports.formatters[format];
+      if ('function' === typeof formatter) {
+        var val = args[index];
+        match = formatter.call(self, val);
+
+        // now we need to remove `args[index]` since it's inlined in the `format`
+        args.splice(index, 1);
+        index--;
+      }
+      return match;
+    });
+
+    // apply env-specific formatting (colors, etc.)
+    exports.formatArgs.call(self, args);
+
+    var logFn = debug.log || exports.log || console.log.bind(console);
+    logFn.apply(self, args);
+  }
+
+  debug.namespace = namespace;
+  debug.enabled = exports.enabled(namespace);
+  debug.useColors = exports.useColors();
+  debug.color = selectColor(namespace);
+
+  // env-specific initialization logic for debug instances
+  if ('function' === typeof exports.init) {
+    exports.init(debug);
+  }
+
+  return debug;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enables a debug mode by namespaces. This can include modes
+ * separated by a colon and wildcards.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function enable(namespaces) {
+  exports.save(namespaces);
+
+  exports.names = [];
+  exports.skips = [];
+
+  var split = (typeof namespaces === 'string' ? namespaces : '').split(/[\s,]+/);
+  var len = split.length;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    if (!split[i]) continue; // ignore empty strings
+    namespaces = split[i].replace(/\*/g, '.*?');
+    if (namespaces[0] === '-') {
+      exports.skips.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces.substr(1) + '$'));
+    } else {
+      exports.names.push(new RegExp('^' + namespaces + '$'));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Disable debug output.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function disable() {
+  exports.enable('');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if the given mode name is enabled, false otherwise.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name
+ * @return {Boolean}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function enabled(name) {
+  var i, len;
+  for (i = 0, len = exports.skips.length; i < len; i++) {
+    if (exports.skips[i].test(name)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  for (i = 0, len = exports.names.length; i < len; i++) {
+    if (exports.names[i].test(name)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Coerce `val`.
+ *
+ * @param {Mixed} val
+ * @return {Mixed}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function coerce(val) {
+  if (val instanceof Error) return val.stack || val.message;
+  return val;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/**
+ * Detect Electron renderer process, which is node, but we should
+ * treat as a browser.
+ */
+
+if (typeof process !== 'undefined' && process.type === 'renderer') {
+  module.exports = require('./browser.js');
+} else {
+  module.exports = require('./node.js');
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+module.exports = inspectorLog;
+
+// black hole
+const nullStream = new (require('stream').Writable)();
+nullStream._write = () => {};
+
+/**
+ * Outputs a `console.log()` to the Node.js Inspector console *only*.
+ */
+function inspectorLog() {
+  const stdout = console._stdout;
+  console._stdout = nullStream;
+  console.log.apply(console, arguments);
+  console._stdout = stdout;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var tty = require('tty');
+var util = require('util');
+
+/**
+ * This is the Node.js implementation of `debug()`.
+ *
+ * Expose `debug()` as the module.
+ */
+
+exports = module.exports = require('./debug');
+exports.init = init;
+exports.log = log;
+exports.formatArgs = formatArgs;
+exports.save = save;
+exports.load = load;
+exports.useColors = useColors;
+
+/**
+ * Colors.
+ */
+
+exports.colors = [6, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1];
+
+/**
+ * Build up the default `inspectOpts` object from the environment variables.
+ *
+ *   $ DEBUG_COLORS=no DEBUG_DEPTH=10 DEBUG_SHOW_HIDDEN=enabled node script.js
+ */
+
+exports.inspectOpts = Object.keys(process.env).filter(function (key) {
+  return /^debug_/i.test(key);
+}).reduce(function (obj, key) {
+  // camel-case
+  var prop = key
+    .substring(6)
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .replace(/_([a-z])/g, function (_, k) { return k.toUpperCase() });
+
+  // coerce string value into JS value
+  var val = process.env[key];
+  if (/^(yes|on|true|enabled)$/i.test(val)) val = true;
+  else if (/^(no|off|false|disabled)$/i.test(val)) val = false;
+  else if (val === 'null') val = null;
+  else val = Number(val);
+
+  obj[prop] = val;
+  return obj;
+}, {});
+
+/**
+ * The file descriptor to write the `debug()` calls to.
+ * Set the `DEBUG_FD` env variable to override with another value. i.e.:
+ *
+ *   $ DEBUG_FD=3 node script.js 3>debug.log
+ */
+
+var fd = parseInt(process.env.DEBUG_FD, 10) || 2;
+
+if (1 !== fd && 2 !== fd) {
+  util.deprecate(function(){}, 'except for stderr(2) and stdout(1), any other usage of DEBUG_FD is deprecated. Override debug.log if you want to use a different log function (https://git.io/debug_fd)')()
+}
+
+var stream = 1 === fd ? process.stdout :
+             2 === fd ? process.stderr :
+             createWritableStdioStream(fd);
+
+/**
+ * Is stdout a TTY? Colored output is enabled when `true`.
+ */
+
+function useColors() {
+  return 'colors' in exports.inspectOpts
+    ? Boolean(exports.inspectOpts.colors)
+    : tty.isatty(fd);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map %o to `util.inspect()`, all on a single line.
+ */
+
+exports.formatters.o = function(v) {
+  this.inspectOpts.colors = this.useColors;
+  return util.inspect(v, this.inspectOpts)
+    .split('\n').map(function(str) {
+      return str.trim()
+    }).join(' ');
+};
+
+/**
+ * Map %o to `util.inspect()`, allowing multiple lines if needed.
+ */
+
+exports.formatters.O = function(v) {
+  this.inspectOpts.colors = this.useColors;
+  return util.inspect(v, this.inspectOpts);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds ANSI color escape codes if enabled.
+ *
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+function formatArgs(args) {
+  var name = this.namespace;
+  var useColors = this.useColors;
+
+  if (useColors) {
+    var c = this.color;
+    var prefix = '  \u001b[3' + c + ';1m' + name + ' ' + '\u001b[0m';
+
+    args[0] = prefix + args[0].split('\n').join('\n' + prefix);
+    args.push('\u001b[3' + c + 'm+' + exports.humanize(this.diff) + '\u001b[0m');
+  } else {
+    args[0] = new Date().toUTCString()
+      + ' ' + name + ' ' + args[0];
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invokes `util.format()` with the specified arguments and writes to `stream`.
+ */
+
+function log() {
+  return stream.write(util.format.apply(util, arguments) + '\n');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Save `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @param {String} namespaces
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function save(namespaces) {
+  if (null == namespaces) {
+    // If you set a process.env field to null or undefined, it gets cast to the
+    // string 'null' or 'undefined'. Just delete instead.
+    delete process.env.DEBUG;
+  } else {
+    process.env.DEBUG = namespaces;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Load `namespaces`.
+ *
+ * @return {String} returns the previously persisted debug modes
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function load() {
+  return process.env.DEBUG;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Copied from `node/src/node.js`.
+ *
+ * XXX: It's lame that node doesn't expose this API out-of-the-box. It also
+ * relies on the undocumented `tty_wrap.guessHandleType()` which is also lame.
+ */
+
+function createWritableStdioStream (fd) {
+  var stream;
+  var tty_wrap = process.binding('tty_wrap');
+
+  // Note stream._type is used for test-module-load-list.js
+
+  switch (tty_wrap.guessHandleType(fd)) {
+    case 'TTY':
+      stream = new tty.WriteStream(fd);
+      stream._type = 'tty';
+
+      // Hack to have stream not keep the event loop alive.
+      // See https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/1726
+      if (stream._handle && stream._handle.unref) {
+        stream._handle.unref();
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 'FILE':
+      var fs = require('fs');
+      stream = new fs.SyncWriteStream(fd, { autoClose: false });
+      stream._type = 'fs';
+      break;
+
+    case 'PIPE':
+    case 'TCP':
+      var net = require('net');
+      stream = new net.Socket({
+        fd: fd,
+        readable: false,
+        writable: true
+      });
+
+      // FIXME Should probably have an option in net.Socket to create a
+      // stream from an existing fd which is writable only. But for now
+      // we'll just add this hack and set the `readable` member to false.
+      // Test: ./node test/fixtures/echo.js < /etc/passwd
+      stream.readable = false;
+      stream.read = null;
+      stream._type = 'pipe';
+
+      // FIXME Hack to have stream not keep the event loop alive.
+      // See https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/1726
+      if (stream._handle && stream._handle.unref) {
+        stream._handle.unref();
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      // Probably an error on in uv_guess_handle()
+      throw new Error('Implement me. Unknown stream file type!');
+  }
+
+  // For supporting legacy API we put the FD here.
+  stream.fd = fd;
+
+  stream._isStdio = true;
+
+  return stream;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Init logic for `debug` instances.
+ *
+ * Create a new `inspectOpts` object in case `useColors` is set
+ * differently for a particular `debug` instance.
+ */
+
+function init (debug) {
+  debug.inspectOpts = {};
+
+  var keys = Object.keys(exports.inspectOpts);
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    debug.inspectOpts[keys[i]] = exports.inspectOpts[keys[i]];
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enable namespaces listed in `process.env.DEBUG` initially.
+ */
+
+exports.enable(load());
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/**
+ * Helpers.
+ */
+
+var s = 1000;
+var m = s * 60;
+var h = m * 60;
+var d = h * 24;
+var y = d * 365.25;
+
+/**
+ * Parse or format the given `val`.
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ *  - `long` verbose formatting [false]
+ *
+ * @param {String|Number} val
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @throws {Error} throw an error if val is not a non-empty string or a number
+ * @return {String|Number}
+ * @api public
+ */
+
+module.exports = function(val, options) {
+  options = options || {};
+  var type = typeof val;
+  if (type === 'string' && val.length > 0) {
+    return parse(val);
+  } else if (type === 'number' && isNaN(val) === false) {
+    return options.long ? fmtLong(val) : fmtShort(val);
+  }
+  throw new Error(
+    'val is not a non-empty string or a valid number. val=' +
+      JSON.stringify(val)
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Parse the given `str` and return milliseconds.
+ *
+ * @param {String} str
+ * @return {Number}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function parse(str) {
+  str = String(str);
+  if (str.length > 100) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var match = /^((?:\d+)?\.?\d+) *(milliseconds?|msecs?|ms|seconds?|secs?|s|minutes?|mins?|m|hours?|hrs?|h|days?|d|years?|yrs?|y)?$/i.exec(
+    str
+  );
+  if (!match) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var n = parseFloat(match[1]);
+  var type = (match[2] || 'ms').toLowerCase();
+  switch (type) {
+    case 'years':
+    case 'year':
+    case 'yrs':
+    case 'yr':
+    case 'y':
+      return n * y;
+    case 'days':
+    case 'day':
+    case 'd':
+      return n * d;
+    case 'hours':
+    case 'hour':
+    case 'hrs':
+    case 'hr':
+    case 'h':
+      return n * h;
+    case 'minutes':
+    case 'minute':
+    case 'mins':
+    case 'min':
+    case 'm':
+      return n * m;
+    case 'seconds':
+    case 'second':
+    case 'secs':
+    case 'sec':
+    case 's':
+      return n * s;
+    case 'milliseconds':
+    case 'millisecond':
+    case 'msecs':
+    case 'msec':
+    case 'ms':
+      return n;
+    default:
+      return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Short format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtShort(ms) {
+  if (ms >= d) {
+    return Math.round(ms / d) + 'd';
+  }
+  if (ms >= h) {
+    return Math.round(ms / h) + 'h';
+  }
+  if (ms >= m) {
+    return Math.round(ms / m) + 'm';
+  }
+  if (ms >= s) {
+    return Math.round(ms / s) + 's';
+  }
+  return ms + 'ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Long format for `ms`.
+ *
+ * @param {Number} ms
+ * @return {String}
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function fmtLong(ms) {
+  return plural(ms, d, 'day') ||
+    plural(ms, h, 'hour') ||
+    plural(ms, m, 'minute') ||
+    plural(ms, s, 'second') ||
+    ms + ' ms';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pluralization helper.
+ */
+
+function plural(ms, n, name) {
+  if (ms < n) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (ms < n * 1.5) {
+    return Math.floor(ms / n) + ' ' + name;
+  }
+  return Math.ceil(ms / n) + ' ' + name + 's';
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Zeit, Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+  "name": "ms",
+  "version": "2.0.0",
+  "description": "Tiny milisecond conversion utility",
+  "repository": "zeit/ms",
+  "main": "./index",
+  "files": [
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "scripts": {
+    "precommit": "lint-staged",
+    "lint": "eslint lib/* bin/*",
+    "test": "mocha tests.js"
+  },
+  "eslintConfig": {
+    "extends": "eslint:recommended",
+    "env": {
+      "node": true,
+      "es6": true
+    }
+  },
+  "lint-staged": {
+    "*.js": [
+      "npm run lint",
+      "prettier --single-quote --write",
+      "git add"
+    ]
+  },
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "3.19.0",
+    "expect.js": "0.3.1",
+    "husky": "0.13.3",
+    "lint-staged": "3.4.1",
+    "mocha": "3.4.1"
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# ms
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/zeit/ms.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/zeit/ms)
+[![Slack Channel](http://zeit-slackin.now.sh/badge.svg)](https://zeit.chat/)
+
+Use this package to easily convert various time formats to milliseconds.
+
+## Examples
+
+```js
+ms('2 days')  // 172800000
+ms('1d')      // 86400000
+ms('10h')     // 36000000
+ms('2.5 hrs') // 9000000
+ms('2h')      // 7200000
+ms('1m')      // 60000
+ms('5s')      // 5000
+ms('1y')      // 31557600000
+ms('100')     // 100
+```
+
+### Convert from milliseconds
+
+```js
+ms(60000)             // "1m"
+ms(2 * 60000)         // "2m"
+ms(ms('10 hours'))    // "10h"
+```
+
+### Time format written-out
+
+```js
+ms(60000, { long: true })             // "1 minute"
+ms(2 * 60000, { long: true })         // "2 minutes"
+ms(ms('10 hours'), { long: true })    // "10 hours"
+```
+
+## Features
+
+- Works both in [node](https://nodejs.org) and in the browser.
+- If a number is supplied to `ms`, a string with a unit is returned.
+- If a string that contains the number is supplied, it returns it as a number (e.g.: it returns `100` for `'100'`).
+- If you pass a string with a number and a valid unit, the number of equivalent ms is returned.
+
+## Caught a bug?
+
+1. [Fork](https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/) this repository to your own GitHub account and then [clone](https://help.github.com/articles/cloning-a-repository/) it to your local device
+2. Link the package to the global module directory: `npm link`
+3. Within the module you want to test your local development instance of ms, just link it to the dependencies: `npm link ms`. Instead of the default one from npm, node will now use your clone of ms!
+
+As always, you can run the tests using: `npm test`
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+2.4.1 / 2022-02-22
+==================
+
+  * Fix error on early async hooks implementations
+
+2.4.0 / 2022-02-21
+==================
+
+  * Prevent loss of async hooks context
+
+2.3.0 / 2015-05-26
+==================
+
+  * Add defined behavior for HTTP `CONNECT` requests
+  * Add defined behavior for HTTP `Upgrade` requests
+  * deps: ee-first@1.1.1
+
+2.2.1 / 2015-04-22
+==================
+
+  * Fix `isFinished(req)` when data buffered
+
+2.2.0 / 2014-12-22
+==================
+
+  * Add message object to callback arguments
+
+2.1.1 / 2014-10-22
+==================
+
+  * Fix handling of pipelined requests
+
+2.1.0 / 2014-08-16
+==================
+
+  * Check if `socket` is detached
+  * Return `undefined` for `isFinished` if state unknown
+
+2.0.0 / 2014-08-16
+==================
+
+  * Add `isFinished` function
+  * Move to `jshttp` organization
+  * Remove support for plain socket argument
+  * Rename to `on-finished`
+  * Support both `req` and `res` as arguments
+  * deps: ee-first@1.0.5
+
+1.2.2 / 2014-06-10
+==================
+
+  * Reduce listeners added to emitters
+    - avoids "event emitter leak" warnings when used multiple times on same request
+
+1.2.1 / 2014-06-08
+==================
+
+  * Fix returned value when already finished
+
+1.2.0 / 2014-06-05
+==================
+
+  * Call callback when called on already-finished socket
+
+1.1.4 / 2014-05-27
+==================
+
+  * Support node.js 0.8
+
+1.1.3 / 2014-04-30
+==================
+
+  * Make sure errors passed as instanceof `Error`
+
+1.1.2 / 2014-04-18
+==================
+
+  * Default the `socket` to passed-in object
+
+1.1.1 / 2014-01-16
+==================
+
+  * Rename module to `finished`
+
+1.1.0 / 2013-12-25
+==================
+
+  * Call callback when called on already-errored socket
+
+1.0.1 / 2013-12-20
+==================
+
+  * Actually pass the error to the callback
+
+1.0.0 / 2013-12-20
+==================
+
+  * Initial release
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>
+Copyright (c) 2014 Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+# on-finished
+
+[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
+[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
+[![Node.js Version][node-image]][node-url]
+[![Build Status][ci-image]][ci-url]
+[![Coverage Status][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
+
+Execute a callback when a HTTP request closes, finishes, or errors.
+
+## Install
+
+This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
+[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
+[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
+
+```sh
+$ npm install on-finished
+```
+
+## API
+
+```js
+var onFinished = require('on-finished')
+```
+
+### onFinished(res, listener)
+
+Attach a listener to listen for the response to finish. The listener will
+be invoked only once when the response finished. If the response finished
+to an error, the first argument will contain the error. If the response
+has already finished, the listener will be invoked.
+
+Listening to the end of a response would be used to close things associated
+with the response, like open files.
+
+Listener is invoked as `listener(err, res)`.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable handle-callback-err -->
+
+```js
+onFinished(res, function (err, res) {
+  // clean up open fds, etc.
+  // err contains the error if request error'd
+})
+```
+
+### onFinished(req, listener)
+
+Attach a listener to listen for the request to finish. The listener will
+be invoked only once when the request finished. If the request finished
+to an error, the first argument will contain the error. If the request
+has already finished, the listener will be invoked.
+
+Listening to the end of a request would be used to know when to continue
+after reading the data.
+
+Listener is invoked as `listener(err, req)`.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable handle-callback-err -->
+
+```js
+var data = ''
+
+req.setEncoding('utf8')
+req.on('data', function (str) {
+  data += str
+})
+
+onFinished(req, function (err, req) {
+  // data is read unless there is err
+})
+```
+
+### onFinished.isFinished(res)
+
+Determine if `res` is already finished. This would be useful to check and
+not even start certain operations if the response has already finished.
+
+### onFinished.isFinished(req)
+
+Determine if `req` is already finished. This would be useful to check and
+not even start certain operations if the request has already finished.
+
+## Special Node.js requests
+
+### HTTP CONNECT method
+
+The meaning of the `CONNECT` method from RFC 7231, section 4.3.6:
+
+> The CONNECT method requests that the recipient establish a tunnel to
+> the destination origin server identified by the request-target and,
+> if successful, thereafter restrict its behavior to blind forwarding
+> of packets, in both directions, until the tunnel is closed.  Tunnels
+> are commonly used to create an end-to-end virtual connection, through
+> one or more proxies, which can then be secured using TLS (Transport
+> Layer Security, [RFC5246]).
+
+In Node.js, these request objects come from the `'connect'` event on
+the HTTP server.
+
+When this module is used on a HTTP `CONNECT` request, the request is
+considered "finished" immediately, **due to limitations in the Node.js
+interface**. This means if the `CONNECT` request contains a request entity,
+the request will be considered "finished" even before it has been read.
+
+There is no such thing as a response object to a `CONNECT` request in
+Node.js, so there is no support for one.
+
+### HTTP Upgrade request
+
+The meaning of the `Upgrade` header from RFC 7230, section 6.1:
+
+> The "Upgrade" header field is intended to provide a simple mechanism
+> for transitioning from HTTP/1.1 to some other protocol on the same
+> connection.
+
+In Node.js, these request objects come from the `'upgrade'` event on
+the HTTP server.
+
+When this module is used on a HTTP request with an `Upgrade` header, the
+request is considered "finished" immediately, **due to limitations in the
+Node.js interface**. This means if the `Upgrade` request contains a request
+entity, the request will be considered "finished" even before it has been
+read.
+
+There is no such thing as a response object to a `Upgrade` request in
+Node.js, so there is no support for one.
+
+## Example
+
+The following code ensures that file descriptors are always closed
+once the response finishes.
+
+```js
+var destroy = require('destroy')
+var fs = require('fs')
+var http = require('http')
+var onFinished = require('on-finished')
+
+http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
+  var stream = fs.createReadStream('package.json')
+  stream.pipe(res)
+  onFinished(res, function () {
+    destroy(stream)
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## License
+
+[MIT](LICENSE)
+
+[ci-image]: https://badgen.net/github/checks/jshttp/on-finished/master?label=ci
+[ci-url]: https://github.com/jshttp/on-finished/actions/workflows/ci.yml
+[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/jshttp/on-finished/master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/jshttp/on-finished?branch=master
+[node-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/on-finished
+[node-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download
+[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/on-finished
+[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/on-finished
+[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/on-finished
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*!
+ * on-finished
+ * Copyright(c) 2013 Jonathan Ong
+ * Copyright(c) 2014 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ * @public
+ */
+
+module.exports = onFinished
+module.exports.isFinished = isFinished
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+var asyncHooks = tryRequireAsyncHooks()
+var first = require('ee-first')
+
+/**
+ * Variables.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+var defer = typeof setImmediate === 'function'
+  ? setImmediate
+  : function (fn) { process.nextTick(fn.bind.apply(fn, arguments)) }
+
+/**
+ * Invoke callback when the response has finished, useful for
+ * cleaning up resources afterwards.
+ *
+ * @param {object} msg
+ * @param {function} listener
+ * @return {object}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function onFinished (msg, listener) {
+  if (isFinished(msg) !== false) {
+    defer(listener, null, msg)
+    return msg
+  }
+
+  // attach the listener to the message
+  attachListener(msg, wrap(listener))
+
+  return msg
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine if message is already finished.
+ *
+ * @param {object} msg
+ * @return {boolean}
+ * @public
+ */
+
+function isFinished (msg) {
+  var socket = msg.socket
+
+  if (typeof msg.finished === 'boolean') {
+    // OutgoingMessage
+    return Boolean(msg.finished || (socket && !socket.writable))
+  }
+
+  if (typeof msg.complete === 'boolean') {
+    // IncomingMessage
+    return Boolean(msg.upgrade || !socket || !socket.readable || (msg.complete && !msg.readable))
+  }
+
+  // don't know
+  return undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attach a finished listener to the message.
+ *
+ * @param {object} msg
+ * @param {function} callback
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function attachFinishedListener (msg, callback) {
+  var eeMsg
+  var eeSocket
+  var finished = false
+
+  function onFinish (error) {
+    eeMsg.cancel()
+    eeSocket.cancel()
+
+    finished = true
+    callback(error)
+  }
+
+  // finished on first message event
+  eeMsg = eeSocket = first([[msg, 'end', 'finish']], onFinish)
+
+  function onSocket (socket) {
+    // remove listener
+    msg.removeListener('socket', onSocket)
+
+    if (finished) return
+    if (eeMsg !== eeSocket) return
+
+    // finished on first socket event
+    eeSocket = first([[socket, 'error', 'close']], onFinish)
+  }
+
+  if (msg.socket) {
+    // socket already assigned
+    onSocket(msg.socket)
+    return
+  }
+
+  // wait for socket to be assigned
+  msg.on('socket', onSocket)
+
+  if (msg.socket === undefined) {
+    // istanbul ignore next: node.js 0.8 patch
+    patchAssignSocket(msg, onSocket)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attach the listener to the message.
+ *
+ * @param {object} msg
+ * @return {function}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function attachListener (msg, listener) {
+  var attached = msg.__onFinished
+
+  // create a private single listener with queue
+  if (!attached || !attached.queue) {
+    attached = msg.__onFinished = createListener(msg)
+    attachFinishedListener(msg, attached)
+  }
+
+  attached.queue.push(listener)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create listener on message.
+ *
+ * @param {object} msg
+ * @return {function}
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function createListener (msg) {
+  function listener (err) {
+    if (msg.__onFinished === listener) msg.__onFinished = null
+    if (!listener.queue) return
+
+    var queue = listener.queue
+    listener.queue = null
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < queue.length; i++) {
+      queue[i](err, msg)
+    }
+  }
+
+  listener.queue = []
+
+  return listener
+}
+
+/**
+ * Patch ServerResponse.prototype.assignSocket for node.js 0.8.
+ *
+ * @param {ServerResponse} res
+ * @param {function} callback
+ * @private
+ */
+
+// istanbul ignore next: node.js 0.8 patch
+function patchAssignSocket (res, callback) {
+  var assignSocket = res.assignSocket
+
+  if (typeof assignSocket !== 'function') return
+
+  // res.on('socket', callback) is broken in 0.8
+  res.assignSocket = function _assignSocket (socket) {
+    assignSocket.call(this, socket)
+    callback(socket)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Try to require async_hooks
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function tryRequireAsyncHooks () {
+  try {
+    return require('async_hooks')
+  } catch (e) {
+    return {}
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wrap function with async resource, if possible.
+ * AsyncResource.bind static method backported.
+ * @private
+ */
+
+function wrap (fn) {
+  var res
+
+  // create anonymous resource
+  if (asyncHooks.AsyncResource) {
+    res = new asyncHooks.AsyncResource(fn.name || 'bound-anonymous-fn')
+  }
+
+  // incompatible node.js
+  if (!res || !res.runInAsyncScope) {
+    return fn
+  }
+
+  // return bound function
+  return res.runInAsyncScope.bind(res, fn, null)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+  "name": "on-finished",
+  "description": "Execute a callback when a request closes, finishes, or errors",
+  "version": "2.4.1",
+  "contributors": [
+    "Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>",
+    "Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com> (http://jongleberry.com)"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "repository": "jshttp/on-finished",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "ee-first": "1.1.1"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "7.32.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "14.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.25.4",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "2.2.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "11.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "5.2.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.1.0",
+    "mocha": "9.2.1",
+    "nyc": "15.1.0"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/",
+    "test-ci": "nyc --reporter=lcovonly --reporter=text npm test",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test"
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4
+end_of_line = lf
+charset = utf-8
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
+max_line_length = 180
+quote_type = single
+
+[test/*]
+max_line_length = off
+
+[LICENSE.md]
+indent_size = off
+
+[*.md]
+max_line_length = off
+
+[*.json]
+max_line_length = off
+
+[Makefile]
+max_line_length = off
+
+[CHANGELOG.md]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 2
+
+[LICENSE]
+indent_size = 2
+max_line_length = off
+
+[coverage/**/*]
+indent_size = off
+indent_style = off
+indent = off
+max_line_length = off
+
+[.nycrc]
+indent_style = tab
+
+[tea.yaml]
+indent_size = 2
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# These are supported funding model platforms
+
+github: [ljharb]
+patreon: # Replace with a single Patreon username
+open_collective: # Replace with a single Open Collective username
+ko_fi: # Replace with a single Ko-fi username
+tidelift: npm/qs
+community_bridge: # Replace with a single Community Bridge project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
+liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username
+issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username
+otechie: # Replace with a single Otechie username
+custom: # Replace with a single custom sponsorship URL
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Security
+
+Please file a private vulnerability report via GitHub, email [@ljharb](https://github.com/ljharb), or see https://tidelift.com/security if you have a potential security vulnerability to report.
+
+## Incident Response Plan
+
+Please see our [Incident Response Plan](https://github.com/ljharb/.github/blob/main/INCIDENT_RESPONSE_PLAN.md).
+
+## Threat Model
+
+Please see [THREAT_MODEL.md](./THREAT_MODEL.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+## Threat Model for qs (querystring parsing library)
+
+### 1. Library Overview
+
+- **Library Name:** qs
+- **Brief Description:** A JavaScript library for parsing and stringifying URL query strings, supporting nested objects and arrays. It is widely used in Node.js and web applications for processing query parameters[2][6][8].
+- **Key Public APIs/Functions:** `qs.parse()`, `qs.stringify()`
+
+### 2. Define Scope
+
+This threat model focuses on the core parsing and stringifying functionality, specifically the handling of nested objects and arrays, option validation, and cycle management in stringification.
+
+### 3. Conceptual System Diagram
+
+```
+Caller Application → qs.parse(input, options) → Parsing Engine → Output Object
+                           │
+                           └→ Options Handling
+
+Caller Application → qs.stringify(obj, options) → Stringifying Engine → Output String
+                           │
+                           └→ Options Handling
+                           └→ Cycle Tracking
+```
+
+**Trust Boundaries:**
+- **Input string (parse):** May come from untrusted sources (e.g., user input, network requests)
+- **Input object (stringify):** May contain cycles, which can lead to infinite loops during stringification
+- **Options:** Provided by the caller
+- **Cycle Tracking:** Used only during stringification to detect and handle circular references
+
+### 4. Identify Assets
+
+- **Integrity of parsed output:** Prevent malicious manipulation of the output object structure, especially ensuring builtins/globals are not modified as a result of parse[3][4][8].
+- **Confidentiality of processed data:** Avoid leaking sensitive information through errors or output.
+- **Availability/performance for host application:** Prevent crashes or resource exhaustion in the consuming application.
+- **Security of host application:** Prevent the library from being a vector for attacks (e.g., prototype pollution, DoS).
+- **Reputation of library:** Maintain trust by avoiding supply chain attacks and vulnerabilities[1].
+
+### 5. Identify Threats
+
+| Component / API / Interaction         | S  | T  | R  | I  | D  | E  |
+|---------------------------------------|----|----|----|----|----|----|
+| Public API Call (`parse`)             | –  | ✓  | –  | ✓  | ✓  | ✓  |
+| Public API Call (`stringify`)         | –  | ✓  | –  | ✓  | ✓  | –  |
+| Options Handling                      | ✓  | ✓  | –  | ✓  | –  | ✓  |
+| Dependency Interaction                | –  | –  | –  | –  | ✓  | –  |
+
+**Key Threats:**
+- **Tampering:** Malicious input can, if not prevented, alter parsed output (e.g., prototype pollution via `__proto__`, modification of builtins/globals)[3][4][8].
+- **Information Disclosure:** Error messages may expose internal details or sensitive data.
+- **Denial of Service:** Large or malformed input can exhaust memory or CPU.
+- **Elevation of Privilege:** Prototype pollution can lead to unintended privilege escalation in the host application[3][4][8].
+
+### 6. Mitigation/Countermeasures
+
+| Threat Identified                                 | Proposed Mitigation |
+|---------------------------------------------------|---------------------|
+| Tampering (malicious input, prototype pollution)  | Strict input validation; keep `allowPrototypes: false` by default; use `plainObjects` for output; ensure builtins/globals are never modified by parse[4][8]. |
+| Information Disclosure (error messages)           | Generic error messages without stack traces or internal paths. |
+| Denial of Service (memory/CPU exhaustion)         | Enforce `arrayLimit` and `parameterLimit` with safe defaults; enable `throwOnLimitExceeded`; limit nesting depth[7]. |
+| Elevation of Privilege (prototype pollution)      | Keep `allowPrototypes: false`; validate options against allowlist; use `plainObjects` to avoid prototype pollution[4][8]. |
+
+### 7. Risk Ranking
+
+- **High:** Denial of Service via array parsing or malformed input (historical vulnerability)
+- **Medium:** Prototype pollution via options or input (if `allowPrototypes` enabled)
+- **Low:** Information disclosure in errors
+
+### 8. Next Steps & Review
+
+1. **Audit option validation logic.**
+2. **Add depth limiting to nested parsing and stringification.**
+3. **Implement fuzz testing for parser and stringifier edge cases.**
+4. **Regularly review dependencies for vulnerabilities.**
+5. **Keep documentation and threat model up to date.**
+6. **Ensure builtins/globals are never modified as a result of parse.**
+7. **Support round-trip consistency between parse and stringify as a non-security goal, with the right options[5][9].**
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+	"all": true,
+	"check-coverage": false,
+	"reporter": ["text-summary", "text", "html", "json"],
+	"lines": 86,
+	"statements": 85.93,
+	"functions": 82.43,
+	"branches": 76.06,
+	"exclude": [
+		"coverage",
+		"dist"
+	]
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,833 @@
+## **6.15.3**
+- [Fix] `parse`: enforce `throwOnLimitExceeded` for cumulative array growth via `combine`/`merge`
+- [Fix] `utils`: respect encoding of surrogate pairs across chunks (#559)
+- [Robustness] `parse`: throw the `arrayLimit` error before splitting oversized comma values
+- [Robustness] `utils.merge` / `utils.assign`: avoid invoking `__proto__` setter when copying own properties
+- [Robustness] `utils`: enforce `arrayLimit` consistently across `merge`'s array paths
+- [Perf] `utils`: make `compact` O(n) via a side-channel visited-set instead of `Array.indexOf`
+- [Deps] update `side-channel`
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `mock-property`, `tape`
+- [Tests] `parse`: characterize current lenient handling of unbalanced bracket keys (#558)
+
+## **6.15.2**
+- [Fix] `stringify`: skip null/undefined entries in `arrayFormat: 'comma'` + `encodeValuesOnly` instead of crashing in `encoder`
+- [Fix] `stringify`: use configured `delimiter` after `charsetSentinel` (#555)
+- [Fix] `stringify`: apply `formatter` to encoded key under `strictNullHandling` (#554)
+- [Fix] `stringify`: skip null/undefined filter-array entries instead of crashing in `encoder` (#551)
+- [Fix] `parse`: handle nested bracket groups and add regression tests (#530)
+- [readme] fix grammar (#550)
+- [Dev Deps] update `@ljharb/eslint-config`
+- [Tests] add regression tests for keys containing percent-encoded bracket text
+
+## **6.15.1**
+- [Fix] `parse`: `parameterLimit: Infinity` with `throwOnLimitExceeded: true` silently drops all parameters
+- [Deps] update `@ljharb/eslint-config`
+- [Dev Deps] update `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `iconv-lite`
+- [Tests] increase coverage
+
+## **6.15.0**
+- [New] `parse`: add `strictMerge` option to wrap object/primitive conflicts in an array (#425, #122)
+- [Fix] `duplicates` option should not apply to bracket notation keys (#514)
+
+## **6.14.2**
+- [Fix] `parse`: mark overflow objects for indexed notation exceeding `arrayLimit` (#546)
+- [Fix] `arrayLimit` means max count, not max index, in `combine`/`merge`/`parseArrayValue`
+- [Fix] `parse`: throw on `arrayLimit` exceeded with indexed notation when `throwOnLimitExceeded` is true (#529)
+- [Fix] `parse`: enforce `arrayLimit` on `comma`-parsed values
+- [Fix] `parse`: fix error message to reflect arrayLimit as max index; remove extraneous comments (#545)
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] document that `addQueryPrefix` does not add `?` to empty output (#418)
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] replace runkit CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [meta] fix changelog typo (`arrayLength` → `arrayLimit`)
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.14.1**
+- [Fix] ensure `arrayLimit` applies to `[]` notation as well
+- [Fix] `parse`: when a custom decoder returns `null` for a key, ignore that key
+- [Refactor] `parse`: extract key segment splitting helper
+- [meta] add threat model
+- [actions] add workflow permissions
+- [Tests] `stringify`: increase coverage
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `npmignore`, `es-value-fixtures`, `for-each`, `object-inspect`
+
+## **6.14.0**
+- [New] `parse`: add `throwOnParameterLimitExceeded` option (#517)
+- [Refactor] `parse`: use `utils.combine` more
+- [patch] `parse`: add explicit `throwOnLimitExceeded` default
+- [actions] use shared action; re-add finishers
+- [meta] Fix changelog formatting bug
+- [Deps] update `side-channel`
+- [Dev Deps] update `es-value-fixtures`, `has-bigints`, `has-proto`, `has-symbols`
+- [Tests] increase coverage
+
+## **6.13.3**
+[Fix] fix regressions from robustness refactor
+[actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.13.2**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] document that `addQueryPrefix` does not add `?` to empty output (#418)
+- [readme] replace runkit CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.13.1**
+- [Fix] `stringify`: avoid a crash when a `filter` key is `null`
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: functions should not be stringified into keys
+- [Fix] `parse`: avoid a crash with interpretNumericEntities: true, comma: true, and iso charset
+- [Fix] `stringify`: ensure a non-string `filter` does not crash
+- [Refactor] use `__proto__` syntax instead of `Object.create` for null objects
+- [Refactor] misc cleanup
+- [Tests] `utils.merge`: add some coverage
+- [Tests] fix a test case
+- [actions] split out node 10-20, and 20+
+- [Dev Deps] update `es-value-fixtures`, `mock-property`, `object-inspect`, `tape`
+
+## **6.13.0**
+- [New] `parse`: add `strictDepth` option (#511)
+- [Tests] use `npm audit` instead of `aud`
+
+## **6.12.5**
+- [Fix] fix regressions from robustness refactor
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.12.4**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] document that `addQueryPrefix` does not add `?` to empty output (#418)
+- [readme] replace runkit CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.12.3**
+- [Fix] `parse`: properly account for `strictNullHandling` when `allowEmptyArrays`
+- [meta] fix changelog indentation
+
+## **6.12.2**
+- [Fix] `parse`: parse encoded square brackets (#506)
+- [readme] add CII best practices badge
+
+## **6.12.1**
+- [Fix] `parse`: Disable `decodeDotInKeys` by default to restore previous behavior (#501)
+- [Performance] `utils`: Optimize performance under large data volumes, reduce memory usage, and speed up processing (#502)
+- [Refactor] `utils`: use `+=`
+- [Tests] increase coverage
+
+## **6.12.0**
+
+- [New] `parse`/`stringify`: add `decodeDotInKeys`/`encodeDotKeys` options (#488)
+- [New] `parse`: add `duplicates` option
+- [New] `parse`/`stringify`: add `allowEmptyArrays` option to allow [] in object values (#487)
+- [Refactor] `parse`/`stringify`: move allowDots config logic to its own variable
+- [Refactor] `stringify`: move option-handling code into `normalizeStringifyOptions`
+- [readme] update readme, add logos (#484)
+- [readme] `stringify`: clarify default `arrayFormat` behavior
+- [readme] fix line wrapping
+- [readme] remove dead badges
+- [Deps] update `side-channel`
+- [meta] make the dist build 50% smaller
+- [meta] add `sideEffects` flag
+- [meta] run build in prepack, not prepublish
+- [Tests] `parse`: remove useless tests; add coverage
+- [Tests] `stringify`: increase coverage
+- [Tests] use `mock-property`
+- [Tests] `stringify`: improve coverage
+- [Dev Deps] update `@ljharb/eslint-config `, `aud`, `has-override-mistake`, `has-property-descriptors`, `mock-property`, `npmignore`, `object-inspect`, `tape`
+- [Dev Deps] pin `glob`, since v10.3.8+ requires a broken `jackspeak`
+- [Dev Deps] pin `jackspeak` since 2.1.2+ depends on npm aliases, which kill the install process in npm < 6
+
+## **6.11.4**
+- [Fix] fix regressions from robustness refactor
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.11.3**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] document that `addQueryPrefix` does not add `?` to empty output (#418)
+- [readme] replace runkit CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.11.2**
+- [Fix] `parse`: Fix parsing when the global Object prototype is frozen (#473)
+- [Tests] add passing test cases with empty keys (#473)
+
+## **6.11.1**
+- [Fix] `stringify`: encode comma values more consistently (#463)
+- [readme] add usage of `filter` option for injecting custom serialization, i.e. of custom types (#447)
+- [meta] remove extraneous code backticks (#457)
+- [meta] fix changelog markdown
+- [actions] update checkout action
+- [actions] restrict action permissions
+- [Dev Deps] update `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `aud`, `object-inspect`, `tape`
+
+## **6.11.0**
+- [New] [Fix] `stringify`: revert 0e903c0; add `commaRoundTrip` option (#442)
+- [readme] fix version badge
+
+## **6.10.7**
+- [Fix] fix regressions from robustness refactor
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.10.6**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] document that `addQueryPrefix` does not add `?` to empty output (#418)
+- [readme] replace runkit CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.10.5**
+- [Fix] `stringify`: with `arrayFormat: comma`, properly include an explicit `[]` on a single-item array (#434)
+
+## **6.10.4**
+- [Fix] `stringify`: with `arrayFormat: comma`, include an explicit `[]` on a single-item array (#441)
+- [meta] use `npmignore` to autogenerate an npmignore file
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `aud`, `has-symbol`, `object-inspect`, `tape`
+
+## **6.10.3**
+- [Fix] `parse`: ignore `__proto__` keys (#428)
+- [Robustness] `stringify`: avoid relying on a global `undefined` (#427)
+- [actions] reuse common workflows
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `object-inspect`, `tape`
+
+## **6.10.2**
+- [Fix] `stringify`: actually fix cyclic references (#426)
+- [Fix] `stringify`: avoid encoding arrayformat comma when `encodeValuesOnly = true` (#424)
+- [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
+- [Docs] add note and links for coercing primitive values (#408)
+- [actions] update codecov uploader
+- [actions] update workflows
+- [Tests] clean up stringify tests slightly
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `aud`, `object-inspect`, `safe-publish-latest`, `tape`
+
+## **6.10.1**
+- [Fix] `stringify`: avoid exception on repeated object values (#402)
+
+## **6.10.0**
+- [New] `stringify`: throw on cycles, instead of an infinite loop (#395, #394, #393)
+- [New] `parse`: add `allowSparse` option for collapsing arrays with missing indices (#312)
+- [meta] fix README.md (#399)
+- [meta] only run `npm run dist` in publish, not install
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `aud`, `has-symbols`, `tape`
+- [Tests] fix tests on node v0.6
+- [Tests] use `ljharb/actions/node/install` instead of `ljharb/actions/node/run`
+- [Tests] Revert "[meta] ignore eclint transitive audit warning"
+
+## **6.9.9**
+- [Fix] fix regressions from robustness refactor
+- [meta] add `npmignore` to autogenerate an npmignore file
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.9.8**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] document that `addQueryPrefix` does not add `?` to empty output (#418)
+- [readme] replace runkit CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.9.7**
+- [Fix] `parse`: ignore `__proto__` keys (#428)
+- [Fix] `stringify`: avoid encoding arrayformat comma when `encodeValuesOnly = true` (#424)
+- [Robustness] `stringify`: avoid relying on a global `undefined` (#427)
+- [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
+- [Docs] add note and links for coercing primitive values (#408)
+- [Tests] clean up stringify tests slightly
+- [meta] fix README.md (#399)
+- Revert "[meta] ignore eclint transitive audit warning"
+- [actions] backport actions from main
+- [Dev Deps] backport updates from main
+
+## **6.9.6**
+- [Fix] restore `dist` dir; mistakenly removed in d4f6c32
+
+## **6.9.5**
+- [Fix] `stringify`: do not encode parens for RFC1738
+- [Fix] `stringify`: fix arrayFormat comma with empty array/objects (#350)
+- [Refactor] `format`: remove `util.assign` call
+- [meta] add "Allow Edits" workflow; update rebase workflow
+- [actions] switch Automatic Rebase workflow to `pull_request_target` event
+- [Tests] `stringify`: add tests for #378
+- [Tests] migrate tests to Github Actions
+- [Tests] run `nyc` on all tests; use `tape` runner
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `browserify`, `mkdirp`, `object-inspect`, `tape`; add `aud`
+
+## **6.9.4**
+- [Fix] `stringify`: when `arrayFormat` is `comma`, respect `serializeDate` (#364)
+- [Refactor] `stringify`: reduce branching (part of #350)
+- [Refactor] move `maybeMap` to `utils`
+- [Dev Deps] update `browserify`, `tape`
+
+## **6.9.3**
+- [Fix] proper comma parsing of URL-encoded commas (#361)
+- [Fix] parses comma delimited array while having percent-encoded comma treated as normal text (#336)
+
+## **6.9.2**
+- [Fix] `parse`: Fix parsing array from object with `comma` true (#359)
+- [Fix] `parse`: throw a TypeError instead of an Error for bad charset (#349)
+- [meta] ignore eclint transitive audit warning
+- [meta] fix indentation in package.json
+- [meta] add tidelift marketing copy
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `object-inspect`, `has-symbols`, `tape`, `mkdirp`, `iconv-lite`
+- [actions] add automatic rebasing / merge commit blocking
+
+## **6.9.1**
+- [Fix] `parse`: with comma true, handle field that holds an array of arrays (#335)
+- [Fix] `parse`: with comma true, do not split non-string values (#334)
+- [meta] add `funding` field
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`
+- [Tests] use shared travis-ci config
+
+## **6.9.0**
+- [New] `parse`/`stringify`: Pass extra key/value argument to `decoder` (#333)
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `evalmd`
+- [Tests] `parse`: add passing `arrayFormat` tests
+- [Tests] add `posttest` using `npx aud` to run `npm audit` without a lockfile
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v12.10`, `v11.15`, `v10.16`, `v8.16`
+- [Tests] `Buffer.from` in node v5.0-v5.9 and v4.0-v4.4 requires a TypedArray
+
+## **6.8.5**
+- [Fix] fix regressions from robustness refactor
+- [meta] add `npmignore` to autogenerate an npmignore file
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.8.4**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] document that `addQueryPrefix` does not add `?` to empty output (#418)
+- [readme] replace runkit CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.8.3**
+- [Fix] `parse`: ignore `__proto__` keys (#428)
+- [Robustness] `stringify`: avoid relying on a global `undefined` (#427)
+- [Fix] `stringify`: avoid encoding arrayformat comma when `encodeValuesOnly = true` (#424)
+- [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
+- [Tests] clean up stringify tests slightly
+- [Docs] add note and links for coercing primitive values (#408)
+- [meta] fix README.md (#399)
+- [actions] backport actions from main
+- [Dev Deps] backport updates from main
+- [Refactor] `stringify`: reduce branching
+- [meta] do not publish workflow files
+
+## **6.8.2**
+- [Fix] proper comma parsing of URL-encoded commas (#361)
+- [Fix] parses comma delimited array while having percent-encoded comma treated as normal text (#336)
+
+## **6.8.1**
+- [Fix] `parse`: Fix parsing array from object with `comma` true (#359)
+- [Fix] `parse`: throw a TypeError instead of an Error for bad charset (#349)
+- [Fix] `parse`: with comma true, handle field that holds an array of arrays (#335)
+- [fix] `parse`: with comma true, do not split non-string values (#334)
+- [meta] add tidelift marketing copy
+- [meta] add `funding` field
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `tape`, `safe-publish-latest`, `evalmd`, `has-symbols`, `iconv-lite`, `mkdirp`, `object-inspect`
+- [Tests] `parse`: add passing `arrayFormat` tests
+- [Tests] use shared travis-ci configs
+- [Tests] `Buffer.from` in node v5.0-v5.9 and v4.0-v4.4 requires a TypedArray
+- [actions] add automatic rebasing / merge commit blocking
+
+## **6.8.0**
+- [New] add `depth=false` to preserve the original key; [Fix] `depth=0` should preserve the original key (#326)
+- [New] [Fix] stringify symbols and bigints
+- [Fix] ensure node 0.12 can stringify Symbols
+- [Fix] fix for an impossible situation: when the formatter is called with a non-string value
+- [Refactor] `formats`: tiny bit of cleanup.
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `browserify`, `safe-publish-latest`, `iconv-lite`, `tape`
+- [Tests] add tests for `depth=0` and `depth=false` behavior, both current and intuitive/intended (#326)
+- [Tests] use `eclint` instead of `editorconfig-tools`
+- [docs] readme: add security note
+- [meta] add github sponsorship
+- [meta] add FUNDING.yml
+- [meta] Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
+
+## **6.7.5**
+- [Fix] fix regressions from robustness refactor
+- [meta] add `npmignore` to autogenerate an npmignore file
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.7.4**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] document that `addQueryPrefix` does not add `?` to empty output (#418)
+- [readme] replace runkit CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.7.3**
+- [Fix] `parse`: ignore `__proto__` keys (#428)
+- [Fix] `stringify`: avoid encoding arrayformat comma when `encodeValuesOnly = true` (#424)
+- [Robustness] `stringify`: avoid relying on a global `undefined` (#427)
+- [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
+- [Docs] add note and links for coercing primitive values (#408)
+- [meta] fix README.md (#399)
+- [meta] do not publish workflow files
+- [actions] backport actions from main
+- [Dev Deps] backport updates from main
+- [Tests] use `nyc` for coverage
+- [Tests] clean up stringify tests slightly
+
+## **6.7.2**
+- [Fix] proper comma parsing of URL-encoded commas (#361)
+- [Fix] parses comma delimited array while having percent-encoded comma treated as normal text (#336)
+
+## **6.7.1**
+- [Fix] `parse`: Fix parsing array from object with `comma` true (#359)
+- [Fix] `parse`: with comma true, handle field that holds an array of arrays (#335)
+- [fix] `parse`: with comma true, do not split non-string values (#334)
+- [Fix] `parse`: throw a TypeError instead of an Error for bad charset (#349)
+- [Fix] fix for an impossible situation: when the formatter is called with a non-string value
+- [Refactor] `formats`: tiny bit of cleanup.
+- readme: add security note
+- [meta] add tidelift marketing copy
+- [meta] add `funding` field
+- [meta] add FUNDING.yml
+- [meta] Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `tape`, `safe-publish-latest`, `evalmd`, `iconv-lite`, `mkdirp`, `object-inspect`, `browserify`
+- [Tests] `parse`: add passing `arrayFormat` tests
+- [Tests] use shared travis-ci configs
+- [Tests] `Buffer.from` in node v5.0-v5.9 and v4.0-v4.4 requires a TypedArray
+- [Tests] add tests for `depth=0` and `depth=false` behavior, both current and intuitive/intended
+- [Tests] use `eclint` instead of `editorconfig-tools`
+- [actions] add automatic rebasing / merge commit blocking
+
+## **6.7.0**
+- [New] `stringify`/`parse`: add `comma` as an `arrayFormat` option (#276, #219)
+- [Fix] correctly parse nested arrays (#212)
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: avoid a crash with a null target and a truthy non-array source, also with an array source
+- [Robustness] `stringify`: cache `Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty`
+- [Refactor] `utils`: `isBuffer`: small tweak; add tests
+- [Refactor] use cached `Array.isArray`
+- [Refactor] `parse`/`stringify`: make a function to normalize the options
+- [Refactor] `utils`: reduce observable [[Get]]s
+- [Refactor] `stringify`/`utils`: cache `Array.isArray`
+- [Tests] always use `String(x)` over `x.toString()`
+- [Tests] fix Buffer tests to work in node < 4.5 and node < 5.10
+- [Tests] temporarily allow coverage to fail
+
+## **6.6.3**
+- [Fix] fix regressions from robustness refactor
+- [meta] add `npmignore` to autogenerate an npmignore file
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.6.2**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] document that `addQueryPrefix` does not add `?` to empty output (#418)
+- [readme] replace runkit CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.6.1**
+- [Fix] `parse`: ignore `__proto__` keys (#428)
+- [Fix] fix for an impossible situation: when the formatter is called with a non-string value
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: avoid a crash with a null target and an array source
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: avoid a crash with a null target and a truthy non-array source
+- [Fix] correctly parse nested arrays
+- [Robustness] `stringify`: avoid relying on a global `undefined` (#427)
+- [Robustness] `stringify`: cache `Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty`
+- [Refactor] `formats`: tiny bit of cleanup.
+- [Refactor] `utils`: `isBuffer`: small tweak; add tests
+- [Refactor]: `stringify`/`utils`: cache `Array.isArray`
+- [Refactor] `utils`: reduce observable [[Get]]s
+- [Refactor] use cached `Array.isArray`
+- [Refactor] `parse`/`stringify`: make a function to normalize the options
+- [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
+- [Docs] Clarify the need for "arrayLimit" option
+- [meta] fix README.md (#399)
+- [meta] do not publish workflow files
+- [meta] Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
+- [meta] add FUNDING.yml
+- [meta] Fixes typo in CHANGELOG.md
+- [actions] backport actions from main
+- [Tests] fix Buffer tests to work in node < 4.5 and node < 5.10
+- [Tests] always use `String(x)` over `x.toString()`
+- [Dev Deps] backport from main
+
+## **6.6.0**
+- [New] Add support for iso-8859-1, utf8 "sentinel" and numeric entities (#268)
+- [New] move two-value combine to a `utils` function (#189)
+- [Fix] `stringify`: fix a crash with `strictNullHandling` and a custom `filter`/`serializeDate` (#279)
+- [Fix] when `parseArrays` is false, properly handle keys ending in `[]` (#260)
+- [Fix] `stringify`: do not crash in an obscure combo of `interpretNumericEntities`, a bad custom `decoder`, & `iso-8859-1`
+- [Fix] `utils`: `merge`: fix crash when `source` is a truthy primitive & no options are provided
+- [refactor] `stringify`: Avoid arr = arr.concat(...), push to the existing instance (#269)
+- [Refactor] `parse`: only need to reassign the var once
+- [Refactor] `parse`/`stringify`: clean up `charset` options checking; fix defaults
+- [Refactor] add missing defaults
+- [Refactor] `parse`: one less `concat` call
+- [Refactor] `utils`: `compactQueue`: make it explicitly side-effecting
+- [Dev Deps] update `browserify`, `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `iconv-lite`, `safe-publish-latest`, `tape`
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v10.10`, `v9.11`, `v8.12`, `v6.14`, `v4.9`; pin included builds to LTS
+
+## **6.5.5**
+- [Fix] fix regressions from robustness refactor
+- [meta] add `npmignore` to autogenerate an npmignore file
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.5.4**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] document that `addQueryPrefix` does not add `?` to empty output (#418)
+- [readme] replace runkit CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.5.3**
+- [Fix] `parse`: ignore `__proto__` keys (#428)
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: avoid a crash with a null target and a truthy non-array source
+- [Fix] correctly parse nested arrays
+- [Fix] `stringify`: fix a crash with `strictNullHandling` and a custom `filter`/`serializeDate` (#279)
+- [Fix] `utils`: `merge`: fix crash when `source` is a truthy primitive & no options are provided
+- [Fix] when `parseArrays` is false, properly handle keys ending in `[]`
+- [Fix] fix for an impossible situation: when the formatter is called with a non-string value
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: avoid a crash with a null target and an array source
+- [Refactor] `utils`: reduce observable [[Get]]s
+- [Refactor] use cached `Array.isArray`
+- [Refactor] `stringify`: Avoid arr = arr.concat(...), push to the existing instance (#269)
+- [Refactor] `parse`: only need to reassign the var once
+- [Robustness] `stringify`: avoid relying on a global `undefined` (#427)
+- [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
+- [Docs] Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
+- [Docs] Clarify the need for "arrayLimit" option
+- [meta] fix README.md (#399)
+- [meta] add FUNDING.yml
+- [actions] backport actions from main
+- [Tests] always use `String(x)` over `x.toString()`
+- [Tests] remove nonexistent tape option
+- [Dev Deps] backport from main
+
+## **6.5.2**
+- [Fix] use `safer-buffer` instead of `Buffer` constructor
+- [Refactor] utils: `module.exports` one thing, instead of mutating `exports` (#230)
+- [Dev Deps] update `browserify`, `eslint`, `iconv-lite`, `safer-buffer`, `tape`, `browserify`
+
+## **6.5.1**
+- [Fix] Fix parsing & compacting very deep objects (#224)
+- [Refactor] name utils functions
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `tape`
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v8.4`; use `nvm install-latest-npm` so newer npm doesn’t break older node
+- [Tests] Use precise dist for Node.js 0.6 runtime (#225)
+- [Tests] make 0.6 required, now that it’s passing
+- [Tests] on `node` `v8.2`; fix npm on node 0.6
+
+## **6.5.0**
+- [New] add `utils.assign`
+- [New] pass default encoder/decoder to custom encoder/decoder functions (#206)
+- [New] `parse`/`stringify`: add `ignoreQueryPrefix`/`addQueryPrefix` options, respectively (#213)
+- [Fix] Handle stringifying empty objects with addQueryPrefix (#217)
+- [Fix] do not mutate `options` argument (#207)
+- [Refactor] `parse`: cache index to reuse in else statement (#182)
+- [Docs] add various badges to readme (#208)
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `browserify`, `iconv-lite`, `tape`
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v8.1`, `v7.10`, `v6.11`; npm v4.6 breaks on node < v1; npm v5+ breaks on node < v4
+- [Tests] add `editorconfig-tools`
+
+## **6.4.3**
+- [Fix] fix regressions from robustness refactor
+- [meta] add `npmignore` to autogenerate an npmignore file
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.4.2**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] replace runkit CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [readme] replace travis CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.4.1**
+- [Fix] `parse`: ignore `__proto__` keys (#428)
+- [Fix] fix for an impossible situation: when the formatter is called with a non-string value
+- [Fix] use `safer-buffer` instead of `Buffer` constructor
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: avoid a crash with a null target and an array source
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: avoid a crash with a null target and a truthy non-array source
+- [Fix] `stringify`: fix a crash with `strictNullHandling` and a custom `filter`/`serializeDate` (#279)
+- [Fix] `utils`: `merge`: fix crash when `source` is a truthy primitive & no options are provided
+- [Fix] when `parseArrays` is false, properly handle keys ending in `[]`
+- [Robustness] `stringify`: avoid relying on a global `undefined` (#427)
+- [Refactor] use cached `Array.isArray`
+- [Refactor] `stringify`: Avoid arr = arr.concat(...), push to the existing instance (#269)
+- [readme] remove travis badge; add github actions/codecov badges; update URLs
+- [Docs] Clarify the need for "arrayLimit" option
+- [meta] fix README.md (#399)
+- [meta] Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
+- [meta] add FUNDING.yml
+- [actions] backport actions from main
+- [Tests] remove nonexistent tape option
+- [Dev Deps] backport from main
+
+## **6.4.0**
+- [New] `qs.stringify`: add `encodeValuesOnly` option
+- [Fix] follow `allowPrototypes` option during merge (#201, #201)
+- [Fix] support keys starting with brackets (#202, #200)
+- [Fix] chmod a-x
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v7.7`, `v6.10`,` v4.8`; disable osx builds since they block linux builds
+- [eslint] reduce warnings
+
+## **6.3.5**
+- [Fix] fix regressions from robustness refactor
+- [meta] add `npmignore` to autogenerate an npmignore file
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.3.4**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] replace travis CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.3.3**
+- [Fix] `parse`: ignore `__proto__` keys (#428)
+- [Fix] fix for an impossible situation: when the formatter is called with a non-string value
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: avoid a crash with a null target and an array source
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: avoid a crash with a null target and a truthy non-array source
+- [Fix] `stringify`: fix a crash with `strictNullHandling` and a custom `filter`/`serializeDate` (#279)
+- [Fix] `utils`: `merge`: fix crash when `source` is a truthy primitive & no options are provided
+- [Fix] when `parseArrays` is false, properly handle keys ending in `[]`
+- [Robustness] `stringify`: avoid relying on a global `undefined` (#427)
+- [Refactor] use cached `Array.isArray`
+- [Refactor] `stringify`: Avoid arr = arr.concat(...), push to the existing instance (#269)
+- [Docs] Clarify the need for "arrayLimit" option
+- [meta] fix README.md (#399)
+- [meta] Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
+- [meta] add FUNDING.yml
+- [actions] backport actions from main
+- [Tests] use `safer-buffer` instead of `Buffer` constructor
+- [Tests] remove nonexistent tape option
+- [Dev Deps] backport from main
+
+## **6.3.2**
+- [Fix] follow `allowPrototypes` option during merge (#201, #200)
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`
+- [Fix] chmod a-x
+- [Fix] support keys starting with brackets (#202, #200)
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v7.7`, `v6.10`,` v4.8`; disable osx builds since they block linux builds
+
+## **6.3.1**
+- [Fix] ensure that `allowPrototypes: false` does not ever shadow Object.prototype properties (thanks, @snyk!)
+- [Dev Deps] update `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `browserify`, `iconv-lite`, `qs-iconv`, `tape`
+- [Tests] on all node minors; improve test matrix
+- [Docs] document stringify option `allowDots` (#195)
+- [Docs] add empty object and array values example (#195)
+- [Docs] Fix minor inconsistency/typo (#192)
+- [Docs] document stringify option `sort` (#191)
+- [Refactor] `stringify`: throw faster with an invalid encoder
+- [Refactor] remove unnecessary escapes (#184)
+- Remove contributing.md, since `qs` is no longer part of `hapi` (#183)
+
+## **6.3.0**
+- [New] Add support for RFC 1738 (#174, #173)
+- [New] `stringify`: Add `serializeDate` option to customize Date serialization (#159)
+- [Fix] ensure `utils.merge` handles merging two arrays
+- [Refactor] only constructors should be capitalized
+- [Refactor] capitalized var names are for constructors only
+- [Refactor] avoid using a sparse array
+- [Robustness] `formats`: cache `String#replace`
+- [Dev Deps] update `browserify`, `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`; add `safe-publish-latest`
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v6.8`, `v4.6`; improve test matrix
+- [Tests] flesh out arrayLimit/arrayFormat tests (#107)
+- [Tests] skip Object.create tests when null objects are not available
+- [Tests] Turn on eslint for test files (#175)
+
+## **6.2.6**
+- [Fix] fix regression from robustness refactor
+- [meta] add `npmignore` to autogenerate an npmignore file
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.2.5**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] replace travis CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+- [actions] fix rebase workflow permissions
+
+## **6.2.4**
+- [Fix] `parse`: ignore `__proto__` keys (#428)
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: avoid a crash with a null target and an array source
+- [Fix] `utils.merge`: avoid a crash with a null target and a truthy non-array source
+- [Fix] `utils`: `merge`: fix crash when `source` is a truthy primitive & no options are provided
+- [Fix] when `parseArrays` is false, properly handle keys ending in `[]`
+- [Robustness] `stringify`: avoid relying on a global `undefined` (#427)
+- [Refactor] use cached `Array.isArray`
+- [Docs] Clarify the need for "arrayLimit" option
+- [meta] fix README.md (#399)
+- [meta] Clean up license text so it’s properly detected as BSD-3-Clause
+- [meta] add FUNDING.yml
+- [actions] backport actions from main
+- [Tests] use `safer-buffer` instead of `Buffer` constructor
+- [Tests] remove nonexistent tape option
+- [Dev Deps] backport from main
+
+## **6.2.3**
+- [Fix] follow `allowPrototypes` option during merge (#201, #200)
+- [Fix] chmod a-x
+- [Fix] support keys starting with brackets (#202, #200)
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v7.7`, `v6.10`,` v4.8`; disable osx builds since they block linux builds
+
+## **6.2.2**
+- [Fix] ensure that `allowPrototypes: false` does not ever shadow Object.prototype properties
+
+## **6.2.1**
+- [Fix] ensure `key[]=x&key[]&key[]=y` results in 3, not 2, values
+- [Refactor] Be explicit and use `Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call`
+- [Tests] remove `parallelshell` since it does not reliably report failures
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v6.3`, `v5.12`
+- [Dev Deps] update `tape`, `eslint`, `@ljharb/eslint-config`, `qs-iconv`
+
+## [**6.2.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=36&state=closed)
+- [New] pass Buffers to the encoder/decoder directly (#161)
+- [New] add "encoder" and "decoder" options, for custom param encoding/decoding (#160)
+- [Fix] fix compacting of nested sparse arrays (#150)
+
+## **6.1.4**
+- [Fix] fix regression from robustness refactor
+- [meta] add `npmignore` to autogenerate an npmignore file
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.1.3**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] replace travis CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+
+## **6.1.2**
+- [Fix] follow `allowPrototypes` option during merge (#201, #200)
+- [Fix] chmod a-x
+- [Fix] support keys starting with brackets (#202, #200)
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v7.7`, `v6.10`,` v4.8`; disable osx builds since they block linux builds
+
+## **6.1.1**
+- [Fix] ensure that `allowPrototypes: false` does not ever shadow Object.prototype properties
+
+## [**6.1.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=35&state=closed)
+- [New] allowDots option for `stringify` (#151)
+- [Fix] "sort" option should work at a depth of 3 or more (#151)
+- [Fix] Restore `dist` directory; will be removed in v7 (#148)
+
+## **6.0.6**
+- [Fix] fix regression from robustness refactor
+- [meta] add `npmignore` to autogenerate an npmignore file
+- [actions] update reusable workflows
+
+## **6.0.5**
+- [Robustness] avoid `.push`, use `void`
+- [readme] clarify `parseArrays` and `arrayLimit` documentation (#543)
+- [readme] replace travis CI badge with shields.io check-runs badge
+
+## **6.0.4**
+- [Fix] follow `allowPrototypes` option during merge (#201, #200)
+- [Fix] chmod a-x
+- [Fix] support keys starting with brackets (#202, #200)
+- [Tests] up to `node` `v7.7`, `v6.10`,` v4.8`; disable osx builds since they block linux builds
+
+## **6.0.3**
+- [Fix] ensure that `allowPrototypes: false` does not ever shadow Object.prototype properties
+- [Fix] Restore `dist` directory; will be removed in v7 (#148)
+
+## [**6.0.2**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=33&state=closed)
+- Revert ES6 requirement and restore support for node down to v0.8.
+
+## [**6.0.1**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=32&state=closed)
+- [**#127**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/pull/127) Fix engines definition in package.json
+
+## [**6.0.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=31&state=closed)
+- [**#124**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/124) Use ES6 and drop support for node < v4
+
+## **5.2.1**
+- [Fix] ensure `key[]=x&key[]&key[]=y` results in 3, not 2, values
+
+## [**5.2.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=30&state=closed)
+- [**#64**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/64) Add option to sort object keys in the query string
+
+## [**5.1.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=29&state=closed)
+- [**#117**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/117) make URI encoding stringified results optional
+- [**#106**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/106) Add flag `skipNulls` to optionally skip null values in stringify
+
+## [**5.0.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=28&state=closed)
+- [**#114**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/114) default allowDots to false
+- [**#100**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/100) include dist to npm
+
+## [**4.0.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=26&state=closed)
+- [**#98**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/98) make returning plain objects and allowing prototype overwriting properties optional
+
+## [**3.1.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=24&state=closed)
+- [**#89**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/89) Add option to disable "Transform dot notation to bracket notation"
+
+## [**3.0.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=23&state=closed)
+- [**#80**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/80) qs.parse silently drops properties
+- [**#77**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/77) Perf boost
+- [**#60**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/60) Add explicit option to disable array parsing
+- [**#74**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/74) Bad parse when turning array into object
+- [**#81**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/81) Add a `filter` option
+- [**#68**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/68) Fixed issue with recursion and passing strings into objects.
+- [**#66**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/66) Add mixed array and object dot notation support Closes: #47
+- [**#76**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/76) RFC 3986
+- [**#85**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/85) No equal sign
+- [**#84**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/84) update license attribute
+
+## [**2.4.1**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=20&state=closed)
+- [**#73**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/73) Property 'hasOwnProperty' of object #<Object> is not a function
+
+## [**2.4.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=19&state=closed)
+- [**#70**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/70) Add arrayFormat option
+
+## [**2.3.3**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=18&state=closed)
+- [**#59**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/59) make sure array indexes are >= 0, closes #57
+- [**#58**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/58) make qs usable for browser loader
+
+## [**2.3.2**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=17&state=closed)
+- [**#55**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/55) allow merging a string into an object
+
+## [**2.3.1**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=16&state=closed)
+- [**#52**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/52) Return "undefined" and "false" instead of throwing "TypeError".
+
+## [**2.3.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=15&state=closed)
+- [**#50**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/50) add option to omit array indices, closes #46
+
+## [**2.2.5**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=14&state=closed)
+- [**#39**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/39) Is there an alternative to Buffer.isBuffer?
+- [**#49**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/49) refactor utils.merge, fixes #45
+- [**#41**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/41) avoid browserifying Buffer, for #39
+
+## [**2.2.4**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=13&state=closed)
+- [**#38**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/38) how to handle object keys beginning with a number
+
+## [**2.2.3**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=12&state=closed)
+- [**#37**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/37) parser discards first empty value in array
+- [**#36**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/36) Update to lab 4.x
+
+## [**2.2.2**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=11&state=closed)
+- [**#33**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/33) Error when plain object in a value
+- [**#34**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/34) use Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call instead of obj.hasOwnProperty
+- [**#24**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/24) Changelog? Semver?
+
+## [**2.2.1**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=10&state=closed)
+- [**#32**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/32) account for circular references properly, closes #31
+- [**#31**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/31) qs.parse stackoverflow on circular objects
+
+## [**2.2.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=9&state=closed)
+- [**#26**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/26) Don't use Buffer global if it's not present
+- [**#30**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/30) Bug when merging non-object values into arrays
+- [**#29**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/29) Don't call Utils.clone at the top of Utils.merge
+- [**#23**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/23) Ability to not limit parameters?
+
+## [**2.1.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=8&state=closed)
+- [**#22**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/22) Enable using a RegExp as delimiter
+
+## [**2.0.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=7&state=closed)
+- [**#18**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/18) Why is there arrayLimit?
+- [**#20**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/20) Configurable parametersLimit
+- [**#21**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/21) make all limits optional, for #18, for #20
+
+## [**1.2.2**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=6&state=closed)
+- [**#19**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/19) Don't overwrite null values
+
+## [**1.2.1**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=5&state=closed)
+- [**#16**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/16) ignore non-string delimiters
+- [**#15**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/15) Close code block
+
+## [**1.2.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=4&state=closed)
+- [**#12**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/12) Add optional delim argument
+- [**#13**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/13) fix #11: flattened keys in array are now correctly parsed
+
+## [**1.1.0**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=3&state=closed)
+- [**#7**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/7) Empty values of a POST array disappear after being submitted
+- [**#9**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/9) Should not omit equals signs (=) when value is null
+- [**#6**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/6) Minor grammar fix in README
+
+## [**1.0.2**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues?milestone=2&state=closed)
+- [**#5**](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/5) array holes incorrectly copied into object on large index
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+BSD 3-Clause License
+
+Copyright (c) 2014, Nathan LaFreniere and other [contributors](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/graphs/contributors)
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+   this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
@@ -0,0 +1,758 @@
+<p align="center">
+    <img alt="qs" src="./logos/banner_default.png" width="800" />
+</p>
+
+# qs <sup>[![Version Badge][npm-version-svg]][package-url]</sup>
+
+[![github actions][actions-image]][actions-url]
+[![coverage][codecov-image]][codecov-url]
+[![License][license-image]][license-url]
+[![Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
+[![CII Best Practices](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/9058/badge)](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/9058)
+
+[![npm badge][npm-badge-png]][package-url]
+
+A querystring parsing and stringifying library with some added security.
+
+Lead Maintainer: [Jordan Harband](https://github.com/ljharb)
+
+The **qs** module was originally created and maintained by [TJ Holowaychuk](https://github.com/visionmedia/node-querystring).
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var qs = require('qs');
+var assert = require('assert');
+
+var obj = qs.parse('a=c');
+assert.deepEqual(obj, { a: 'c' });
+
+var str = qs.stringify(obj);
+assert.equal(str, 'a=c');
+```
+
+### Parsing Objects
+
+[](#preventEval)
+```javascript
+qs.parse(string, [options]);
+```
+
+**qs** allows you to create nested objects within your query strings, by surrounding the name of sub-keys with square brackets `[]`.
+For example, the string `'foo[bar]=baz'` converts to:
+
+```javascript
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[bar]=baz'), {
+    foo: {
+        bar: 'baz'
+    }
+});
+```
+
+When using the `plainObjects` option the parsed value is returned as a null object, created via `{ __proto__: null }` and as such you should be aware that prototype methods will not exist on it and a user may set those names to whatever value they like:
+
+```javascript
+var nullObject = qs.parse('a[hasOwnProperty]=b', { plainObjects: true });
+assert.deepEqual(nullObject, { a: { hasOwnProperty: 'b' } });
+```
+
+By default parameters that would overwrite properties on the object prototype are ignored, if you wish to keep the data from those fields either use `plainObjects` as mentioned above, or set `allowPrototypes` to `true` which will allow user input to overwrite those properties.
+*WARNING* It is generally a bad idea to enable this option as it can cause problems when attempting to use the properties that have been overwritten.
+Always be careful with this option.
+
+```javascript
+var protoObject = qs.parse('a[hasOwnProperty]=b', { allowPrototypes: true });
+assert.deepEqual(protoObject, { a: { hasOwnProperty: 'b' } });
+```
+
+URI encoded strings work too:
+
+```javascript
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('a%5Bb%5D=c'), {
+    a: { b: 'c' }
+});
+```
+
+You can also nest your objects, like `'foo[bar][baz]=foobarbaz'`:
+
+```javascript
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[bar][baz]=foobarbaz'), {
+    foo: {
+        bar: {
+            baz: 'foobarbaz'
+        }
+    }
+});
+```
+
+By default, when nesting objects **qs** will only parse up to 5 children deep.
+This means if you attempt to parse a string like `'a[b][c][d][e][f][g][h][i]=j'` your resulting object will be:
+
+```javascript
+var expected = {
+    a: {
+        b: {
+            c: {
+                d: {
+                    e: {
+                        f: {
+                            '[g][h][i]': 'j'
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+var string = 'a[b][c][d][e][f][g][h][i]=j';
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse(string), expected);
+```
+
+This depth can be overridden by passing a `depth` option to `qs.parse(string, [options])`:
+
+```javascript
+var deep = qs.parse('a[b][c][d][e][f][g][h][i]=j', { depth: 1 });
+assert.deepEqual(deep, { a: { b: { '[c][d][e][f][g][h][i]': 'j' } } });
+```
+
+You can configure **qs** to throw an error when parsing nested input beyond this depth using the `strictDepth` option (defaulted to false):
+
+```javascript
+try {
+    qs.parse('a[b][c][d][e][f][g][h][i]=j', { depth: 1, strictDepth: true });
+} catch (err) {
+    assert(err instanceof RangeError);
+    assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Input depth exceeded depth option of 1 and strictDepth is true');
+}
+```
+
+The depth limit helps mitigate abuse when **qs** is used to parse user input, and it is recommended to keep it a reasonably small number. The strictDepth option adds a layer of protection by throwing an error when the limit is exceeded, allowing you to catch and handle such cases.
+
+For similar reasons, by default **qs** will only parse up to 1000 parameters. This can be overridden by passing a `parameterLimit` option:
+
+```javascript
+var limited = qs.parse('a=b&c=d', { parameterLimit: 1 });
+assert.deepEqual(limited, { a: 'b' });
+```
+
+If you want an error to be thrown whenever the a limit is exceeded (eg, `parameterLimit`, `arrayLimit`), set the `throwOnLimitExceeded` option to `true`. This option will generate a descriptive error if the query string exceeds a configured limit.
+```javascript
+try {
+    qs.parse('a=1&b=2&c=3&d=4', { parameterLimit: 3, throwOnLimitExceeded: true });
+} catch (err) {
+    assert(err instanceof Error);
+    assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Parameter limit exceeded. Only 3 parameters allowed.');
+}
+```
+
+When `throwOnLimitExceeded` is set to `false` (default), **qs** will parse up to the specified `parameterLimit` and ignore the rest without throwing an error.
+
+To bypass the leading question mark, use `ignoreQueryPrefix`:
+
+```javascript
+var prefixed = qs.parse('?a=b&c=d', { ignoreQueryPrefix: true });
+assert.deepEqual(prefixed, { a: 'b', c: 'd' });
+```
+
+An optional delimiter can also be passed:
+
+```javascript
+var delimited = qs.parse('a=b;c=d', { delimiter: ';' });
+assert.deepEqual(delimited, { a: 'b', c: 'd' });
+```
+
+Delimiters can be a regular expression too:
+
+```javascript
+var regexed = qs.parse('a=b;c=d,e=f', { delimiter: /[;,]/ });
+assert.deepEqual(regexed, { a: 'b', c: 'd', e: 'f' });
+```
+
+Option `allowDots` can be used to enable dot notation:
+
+```javascript
+var withDots = qs.parse('a.b=c', { allowDots: true });
+assert.deepEqual(withDots, { a: { b: 'c' } });
+```
+
+Option `decodeDotInKeys` can be used to decode dots in keys
+Note: it implies `allowDots`, so `parse` will error if you set `decodeDotInKeys` to `true`, and `allowDots` to `false`.
+
+```javascript
+var withDots = qs.parse('name%252Eobj.first=John&name%252Eobj.last=Doe', { decodeDotInKeys: true });
+assert.deepEqual(withDots, { 'name.obj': { first: 'John', last: 'Doe' }});
+```
+
+Option `allowEmptyArrays` can be used to allow empty array values in an object
+```javascript
+var withEmptyArrays = qs.parse('foo[]&bar=baz', { allowEmptyArrays: true });
+assert.deepEqual(withEmptyArrays, { foo: [], bar: 'baz' });
+```
+
+Option `duplicates` can be used to change the behavior when duplicate keys are encountered
+```javascript
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar&foo=baz'), { foo: ['bar', 'baz'] });
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar&foo=baz', { duplicates: 'combine' }), { foo: ['bar', 'baz'] });
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar&foo=baz', { duplicates: 'first' }), { foo: 'bar' });
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar&foo=baz', { duplicates: 'last' }), { foo: 'baz' });
+```
+
+Note that keys with bracket notation (`[]`) always combine into arrays, regardless of the `duplicates` setting:
+```javascript
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=1&a=2&b[]=1&b[]=2', { duplicates: 'last' }), { a: '2', b: ['1', '2'] });
+```
+
+If you have to deal with legacy browsers or services, there's also support for decoding percent-encoded octets as iso-8859-1:
+
+```javascript
+var oldCharset = qs.parse('a=%A7', { charset: 'iso-8859-1' });
+assert.deepEqual(oldCharset, { a: '§' });
+```
+
+Some services add an initial `utf8=✓` value to forms so that old Internet Explorer versions are more likely to submit the form as utf-8.
+Additionally, the server can check the value against wrong encodings of the checkmark character and detect that a query string or `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` body was *not* sent as utf-8, eg. if the form had an `accept-charset` parameter or the containing page had a different character set.
+
+**qs** supports this mechanism via the `charsetSentinel` option.
+If specified, the `utf8` parameter will be omitted from the returned object.
+It will be used to switch to `iso-8859-1`/`utf-8` mode depending on how the checkmark is encoded.
+
+**Important**: When you specify both the `charset` option and the `charsetSentinel` option, the `charset` will be overridden when the request contains a `utf8` parameter from which the actual charset can be deduced.
+In that sense the `charset` will behave as the default charset rather than the authoritative charset.
+
+```javascript
+var detectedAsUtf8 = qs.parse('utf8=%E2%9C%93&a=%C3%B8', {
+    charset: 'iso-8859-1',
+    charsetSentinel: true
+});
+assert.deepEqual(detectedAsUtf8, { a: 'ø' });
+
+// Browsers encode the checkmark as &#10003; when submitting as iso-8859-1:
+var detectedAsIso8859_1 = qs.parse('utf8=%26%2310003%3B&a=%F8', {
+    charset: 'utf-8',
+    charsetSentinel: true
+});
+assert.deepEqual(detectedAsIso8859_1, { a: 'ø' });
+```
+
+If you want to decode the `&#...;` syntax to the actual character, you can specify the `interpretNumericEntities` option as well:
+
+```javascript
+var detectedAsIso8859_1 = qs.parse('a=%26%239786%3B', {
+    charset: 'iso-8859-1',
+    interpretNumericEntities: true
+});
+assert.deepEqual(detectedAsIso8859_1, { a: '☺' });
+```
+
+It also works when the charset has been detected in `charsetSentinel` mode.
+
+### Parsing Arrays
+
+**qs** can also parse arrays using a similar `[]` notation:
+
+```javascript
+var withArray = qs.parse('a[]=b&a[]=c');
+assert.deepEqual(withArray, { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+```
+
+You may specify an index as well:
+
+```javascript
+var withIndexes = qs.parse('a[1]=c&a[0]=b');
+assert.deepEqual(withIndexes, { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+```
+
+Note that the only difference between an index in an array and a key in an object is that the value between the brackets must be a number to create an array.
+When creating arrays with specific indices, **qs** will compact a sparse array to only the existing values preserving their order:
+
+```javascript
+var noSparse = qs.parse('a[1]=b&a[15]=c');
+assert.deepEqual(noSparse, { a: ['b', 'c'] });
+```
+
+You may also use `allowSparse` option to parse sparse arrays:
+
+```javascript
+var sparseArray = qs.parse('a[1]=2&a[3]=5', { allowSparse: true });
+assert.deepEqual(sparseArray, { a: [, '2', , '5'] });
+```
+
+Note that an empty string is also a value, and will be preserved:
+
+```javascript
+var withEmptyString = qs.parse('a[]=&a[]=b');
+assert.deepEqual(withEmptyString, { a: ['', 'b'] });
+
+var withIndexedEmptyString = qs.parse('a[0]=b&a[1]=&a[2]=c');
+assert.deepEqual(withIndexedEmptyString, { a: ['b', '', 'c'] });
+```
+
+**qs** will also limit arrays to a maximum of `20` elements.
+Any array members with an index of `20` or greater will instead be converted to an object with the index as the key.
+This is needed to handle cases when someone sent, for example, `a[999999999]` and it will take significant time to iterate over this huge array.
+
+```javascript
+var withMaxIndex = qs.parse('a[100]=b');
+assert.deepEqual(withMaxIndex, { a: { '100': 'b' } });
+```
+
+This limit can be overridden by passing an `arrayLimit` option:
+
+```javascript
+var withArrayLimit = qs.parse('a[1]=b', { arrayLimit: 0 });
+assert.deepEqual(withArrayLimit, { a: { '1': 'b' } });
+```
+
+If you want to throw an error whenever the array limit is exceeded, set the `throwOnLimitExceeded` option to `true`. This option will generate a descriptive error if the query string exceeds a configured limit.
+```javascript
+try {
+    qs.parse('a[1]=b', { arrayLimit: 0, throwOnLimitExceeded: true });
+} catch (err) {
+    assert(err instanceof Error);
+    assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Array limit exceeded. Only 0 elements allowed in an array.');
+}
+```
+
+When `throwOnLimitExceeded` is set to `false` (default), **qs** will parse up to the specified `arrayLimit` and if the limit is exceeded, the array will instead be converted to an object with the index as the key
+
+To prevent array syntax (`a[]`, `a[0]`) from being parsed as arrays, set `parseArrays` to `false`.
+Note that duplicate keys (e.g. `a=b&a=c`) may still produce arrays when `duplicates` is `'combine'` (the default).
+
+```javascript
+var noParsingArrays = qs.parse('a[]=b', { parseArrays: false });
+assert.deepEqual(noParsingArrays, { a: { '0': 'b' } });
+```
+
+If you mix notations, **qs** will merge the two items into an object:
+
+```javascript
+var mixedNotation = qs.parse('a[0]=b&a[b]=c');
+assert.deepEqual(mixedNotation, { a: { '0': 'b', b: 'c' } });
+```
+
+When a key appears as both a plain value and an object, **qs** will by default wrap the conflicting values in an array (`strictMerge` defaults to `true`):
+
+```javascript
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[b]=c&a=d'), { a: [{ b: 'c' }, 'd'] });
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=d&a[b]=c'), { a: ['d', { b: 'c' }] });
+```
+
+To restore the legacy behavior (where the primitive is used as a key with value `true`), set `strictMerge` to `false`:
+
+```javascript
+assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[b]=c&a=d', { strictMerge: false }), { a: { b: 'c', d: true } });
+```
+
+You can also create arrays of objects:
+
+```javascript
+var arraysOfObjects = qs.parse('a[][b]=c');
+assert.deepEqual(arraysOfObjects, { a: [{ b: 'c' }] });
+```
+
+Some people use comma to join array, **qs** can parse it:
+```javascript
+var arraysOfObjects = qs.parse('a=b,c', { comma: true })
+assert.deepEqual(arraysOfObjects, { a: ['b', 'c'] })
+```
+(_this cannot convert nested objects, such as `a={b:1},{c:d}`_)
+
+### Parsing primitive/scalar values (numbers, booleans, null, etc)
+
+By default, all values are parsed as strings.
+This behavior will not change and is explained in [issue #91](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/91).
+
+```javascript
+var primitiveValues = qs.parse('a=15&b=true&c=null');
+assert.deepEqual(primitiveValues, { a: '15', b: 'true', c: 'null' });
+```
+
+If you wish to auto-convert values which look like numbers, booleans, and other values into their primitive counterparts, you can use the [query-types Express JS middleware](https://github.com/xpepermint/query-types) which will auto-convert all request query parameters.
+
+### Stringifying
+
+[](#preventEval)
+```javascript
+qs.stringify(object, [options]);
+```
+
+When stringifying, **qs** by default URI encodes output. Objects are stringified as you would expect:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }), 'a=b');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c');
+```
+
+This encoding can be disabled by setting the `encode` option to `false`:
+
+```javascript
+var unencoded = qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }, { encode: false });
+assert.equal(unencoded, 'a[b]=c');
+```
+
+Encoding can be disabled for keys by setting the `encodeValuesOnly` option to `true`:
+```javascript
+var encodedValues = qs.stringify(
+    { a: 'b', c: ['d', 'e=f'], f: [['g'], ['h']] },
+    { encodeValuesOnly: true }
+);
+assert.equal(encodedValues,'a=b&c[0]=d&c[1]=e%3Df&f[0][0]=g&f[1][0]=h');
+```
+
+This encoding can also be replaced by a custom encoding method set as `encoder` option:
+
+```javascript
+var encoded = qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }, { encoder: function (str) {
+    // Passed in values `a`, `b`, `c`
+    return // Return encoded string
+}})
+```
+
+_(Note: the `encoder` option does not apply if `encode` is `false`)_
+
+Analogue to the `encoder` there is a `decoder` option for `parse` to override decoding of properties and values:
+
+```javascript
+var decoded = qs.parse('x=z', { decoder: function (str) {
+    // Passed in values `x`, `z`
+    return // Return decoded string
+}})
+```
+
+You can encode keys and values using different logic by using the type argument provided to the encoder:
+
+```javascript
+var encoded = qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }, { encoder: function (str, defaultEncoder, charset, type) {
+    if (type === 'key') {
+        return // Encoded key
+    } else if (type === 'value') {
+        return // Encoded value
+    }
+}})
+```
+
+The type argument is also provided to the decoder:
+
+```javascript
+var decoded = qs.parse('x=z', { decoder: function (str, defaultDecoder, charset, type) {
+    if (type === 'key') {
+        return // Decoded key
+    } else if (type === 'value') {
+        return // Decoded value
+    }
+}})
+```
+
+Examples beyond this point will be shown as though the output is not URI encoded for clarity.
+Please note that the return values in these cases *will* be URI encoded during real usage.
+
+When arrays are stringified, they follow the `arrayFormat` option, which defaults to `indices`:
+
+```javascript
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] });
+// 'a[0]=b&a[1]=c&a[2]=d'
+```
+
+You may override this by setting the `indices` option to `false`, or to be more explicit, the `arrayFormat` option to `repeat`:
+
+```javascript
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, { indices: false });
+// 'a=b&a=c&a=d'
+```
+
+You may use the `arrayFormat` option to specify the format of the output array:
+
+```javascript
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'indices' })
+// 'a[0]=b&a[1]=c'
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'brackets' })
+// 'a[]=b&a[]=c'
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'repeat' })
+// 'a=b&a=c'
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'comma' })
+// 'a=b,c'
+```
+
+Note: when using `arrayFormat` set to `'comma'`, you can also pass the `commaRoundTrip` option set to `true` or `false`, to append `[]` on single-item arrays, so that they can round trip through a parse.
+
+When objects are stringified, by default they use bracket notation:
+
+```javascript
+qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: 'd', e: 'f' } } });
+// 'a[b][c]=d&a[b][e]=f'
+```
+
+You may override this to use dot notation by setting the `allowDots` option to `true`:
+
+```javascript
+qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: 'd', e: 'f' } } }, { allowDots: true });
+// 'a.b.c=d&a.b.e=f'
+```
+
+You may encode the dot notation in the keys of object with option `encodeDotInKeys` by setting it to `true`:
+Note: it implies `allowDots`, so `stringify` will error if you set `decodeDotInKeys` to `true`, and `allowDots` to `false`.
+Caveat: when `encodeValuesOnly` is `true` as well as `encodeDotInKeys`, only dots in keys and nothing else will be encoded.
+```javascript
+qs.stringify({ "name.obj": { "first": "John", "last": "Doe" } }, { allowDots: true, encodeDotInKeys: true })
+// 'name%252Eobj.first=John&name%252Eobj.last=Doe'
+```
+
+You may allow empty array values by setting the `allowEmptyArrays` option to `true`:
+```javascript
+qs.stringify({ foo: [], bar: 'baz' }, { allowEmptyArrays: true });
+// 'foo[]&bar=baz'
+```
+
+Empty strings and null values will omit the value, but the equals sign (=) remains in place:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '' }), 'a=');
+```
+
+Key with no values (such as an empty object or array) will return nothing:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [] }), '');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: {} }), '');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [{}] }), '');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: []} }), '');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: {}} }), '');
+```
+
+Properties that are set to `undefined` will be omitted entirely:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: null, b: undefined }), 'a=');
+```
+
+The query string may optionally be prepended with a question mark:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd' }, { addQueryPrefix: true }), '?a=b&c=d');
+```
+
+Note that when the output is an empty string, the prefix will not be added:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({}, { addQueryPrefix: true }), '');
+```
+
+The delimiter may be overridden with stringify as well:
+
+```javascript
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd' }, { delimiter: ';' }), 'a=b;c=d');
+```
+
+If you only want to override the serialization of `Date` objects, you can provide a `serializeDate` option:
+
+```javascript
+var date = new Date(7);
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: date }), 'a=1970-01-01T00:00:00.007Z'.replace(/:/g, '%3A'));
+assert.equal(
+    qs.stringify({ a: date }, { serializeDate: function (d) { return d.getTime(); } }),
+    'a=7'
+);
+```
+
+You may use the `sort` option to affect the order of parameter keys:
+
+```javascript
+function alphabeticalSort(a, b) {
+    return a.localeCompare(b);
+}
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'c', z: 'y', b : 'f' }, { sort: alphabeticalSort }), 'a=c&b=f&z=y');
+```
+
+Finally, you can use the `filter` option to restrict which keys will be included in the stringified output.
+If you pass a function, it will be called for each key to obtain the replacement value.
+Otherwise, if you pass an array, it will be used to select properties and array indices for stringification:
+
+```javascript
+function filterFunc(prefix, value) {
+    if (prefix == 'b') {
+        // Return an `undefined` value to omit a property.
+        return;
+    }
+    if (prefix == 'e[f]') {
+        return value.getTime();
+    }
+    if (prefix == 'e[g][0]') {
+        return value * 2;
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd', e: { f: new Date(123), g: [2] } }, { filter: filterFunc });
+// 'a=b&c=d&e[f]=123&e[g][0]=4'
+qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd', e: 'f' }, { filter: ['a', 'e'] });
+// 'a=b&e=f'
+qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'], e: 'f' }, { filter: ['a', 0, 2] });
+// 'a[0]=b&a[2]=d'
+```
+
+You could also use `filter` to inject custom serialization for user defined types.
+Consider you're working with some api that expects query strings of the format for ranges:
+
+```
+https://domain.com/endpoint?range=30...70
+```
+
+For which you model as:
+
+```javascript
+class Range {
+    constructor(from, to) {
+        this.from = from;
+        this.to = to;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+You could _inject_ a custom serializer to handle values of this type:
+
+```javascript
+qs.stringify(
+    {
+        range: new Range(30, 70),
+    },
+    {
+        filter: (prefix, value) => {
+            if (value instanceof Range) {
+                return `${value.from}...${value.to}`;
+            }
+            // serialize the usual way
+            return value;
+        },
+    }
+);
+// range=30...70
+```
+
+### Handling of `null` values
+
+By default, `null` values are treated like empty strings:
+
+```javascript
+var withNull = qs.stringify({ a: null, b: '' });
+assert.equal(withNull, 'a=&b=');
+```
+
+Parsing does not distinguish between parameters with and without equal signs.
+Both are converted to empty strings.
+
+```javascript
+var equalsInsensitive = qs.parse('a&b=');
+assert.deepEqual(equalsInsensitive, { a: '', b: '' });
+```
+
+To distinguish between `null` values and empty strings use the `strictNullHandling` flag. In the result string the `null`
+values have no `=` sign:
+
+```javascript
+var strictNull = qs.stringify({ a: null, b: '' }, { strictNullHandling: true });
+assert.equal(strictNull, 'a&b=');
+```
+
+To parse values without `=` back to `null` use the `strictNullHandling` flag:
+
+```javascript
+var parsedStrictNull = qs.parse('a&b=', { strictNullHandling: true });
+assert.deepEqual(parsedStrictNull, { a: null, b: '' });
+```
+
+To completely skip rendering keys with `null` values, use the `skipNulls` flag:
+
+```javascript
+var nullsSkipped = qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: null}, { skipNulls: true });
+assert.equal(nullsSkipped, 'a=b');
+```
+
+If you're communicating with legacy systems, you can switch to `iso-8859-1` using the `charset` option:
+
+```javascript
+var iso = qs.stringify({ æ: 'æ' }, { charset: 'iso-8859-1' });
+assert.equal(iso, '%E6=%E6');
+```
+
+Characters that don't exist in `iso-8859-1` will be converted to numeric entities, similar to what browsers do:
+
+```javascript
+var numeric = qs.stringify({ a: '☺' }, { charset: 'iso-8859-1' });
+assert.equal(numeric, 'a=%26%239786%3B');
+```
+
+You can use the `charsetSentinel` option to announce the character by including an `utf8=✓` parameter with the proper encoding if the checkmark, similar to what Ruby on Rails and others do when submitting forms.
+
+```javascript
+var sentinel = qs.stringify({ a: '☺' }, { charsetSentinel: true });
+assert.equal(sentinel, 'utf8=%E2%9C%93&a=%E2%98%BA');
+
+var isoSentinel = qs.stringify({ a: 'æ' }, { charsetSentinel: true, charset: 'iso-8859-1' });
+assert.equal(isoSentinel, 'utf8=%26%2310003%3B&a=%E6');
+```
+
+### Dealing with special character sets
+
+By default the encoding and decoding of characters is done in `utf-8`, and `iso-8859-1` support is also built in via the `charset` parameter.
+
+If you wish to encode querystrings to a different character set (i.e.
+[Shift JIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_JIS)) you can use the
+[`qs-iconv`](https://github.com/martinheidegger/qs-iconv) library:
+
+```javascript
+var encoder = require('qs-iconv/encoder')('shift_jis');
+var shiftJISEncoded = qs.stringify({ a: 'こんにちは！' }, { encoder: encoder });
+assert.equal(shiftJISEncoded, 'a=%82%B1%82%F1%82%C9%82%BF%82%CD%81I');
+```
+
+This also works for decoding of query strings:
+
+```javascript
+var decoder = require('qs-iconv/decoder')('shift_jis');
+var obj = qs.parse('a=%82%B1%82%F1%82%C9%82%BF%82%CD%81I', { decoder: decoder });
+assert.deepEqual(obj, { a: 'こんにちは！' });
+```
+
+### RFC 3986 and RFC 1738 space encoding
+
+RFC3986 used as default option and encodes ' ' to *%20* which is backward compatible.
+In the same time, output can be stringified as per RFC1738 with ' ' equal to '+'.
+
+```
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }), 'a=b%20c');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }, { format : 'RFC3986' }), 'a=b%20c');
+assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }, { format : 'RFC1738' }), 'a=b+c');
+```
+
+## Security
+
+Please email [@ljharb](https://github.com/ljharb) or see https://tidelift.com/security if you have a potential security vulnerability to report.
+
+## qs for enterprise
+
+Available as part of the Tidelift Subscription
+
+The maintainers of qs and thousands of other packages are working with Tidelift to deliver commercial support and maintenance for the open source dependencies you use to build your applications.
+Save time, reduce risk, and improve code health, while paying the maintainers of the exact dependencies you use.
+[Learn more.](https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/npm-qs?utm_source=npm-qs&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=enterprise&utm_term=repo)
+
+[package-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/qs
+[npm-version-svg]: https://versionbadg.es/ljharb/qs.svg
+[deps-svg]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/qs.svg
+[deps-url]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/qs
+[dev-deps-svg]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/qs/dev-status.svg
+[dev-deps-url]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/qs#info=devDependencies
+[npm-badge-png]: https://nodei.co/npm/qs.png?downloads=true&stars=true
+[license-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/l/qs.svg
+[license-url]: LICENSE
+[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/qs.svg
+[downloads-url]: https://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=qs
+[codecov-image]: https://codecov.io/gh/ljharb/qs/branch/main/graphs/badge.svg
+[codecov-url]: https://app.codecov.io/gh/ljharb/qs/
+[actions-image]: https://img.shields.io/github/check-runs/ljharb/qs/main
+[actions-url]: https://github.com/ljharb/qs/actions
+
+## Acknowledgements
+
+qs logo by [NUMI](https://github.com/numi-hq/open-design):
+
+[<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/numi-hq/open-design/main/assets/numi-lockup.png" alt="NUMI Logo" style="width: 200px;"/>](https://numi.tech/?ref=qs)
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import ljharbConfig from '@ljharb/eslint-config/flat';
+
+export default [
+    {
+        ignores: ['dist/'],
+    },
+
+    ...ljharbConfig,
+
+    {
+        rules: {
+            complexity: 'off',
+            'consistent-return': 'warn',
+            eqeqeq: ['error', 'allow-null'],
+            'func-name-matching': 'off',
+            'id-length': [
+                'error',
+                {
+                    max: 25,
+                    min: 1,
+                    properties: 'never',
+                },
+            ],
+            indent: ['error', 4],
+            'max-lines': 'off',
+            'max-lines-per-function': [
+                'error',
+                { max: 150 },
+            ],
+            'max-params': ['error', 18],
+            'max-statements': ['error', 100],
+            'multiline-comment-style': 'off',
+            'no-continue': 'warn',
+            'no-magic-numbers': 'off',
+            'no-restricted-syntax': [
+                'error',
+                'BreakStatement',
+                'DebuggerStatement',
+                'ForInStatement',
+                'LabeledStatement',
+                'WithStatement',
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+
+    {
+        files: ['test/**'],
+        rules: {
+            'function-paren-newline': 'off',
+            'max-lines-per-function': 'off',
+            'max-statements': 'off',
+            'no-buffer-constructor': 'off',
+            'no-extend-native': 'off',
+            'no-throw-literal': 'off',
+        },
+    },
+];
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var replace = String.prototype.replace;
+var percentTwenties = /%20/g;
+
+var Format = {
+    RFC1738: 'RFC1738',
+    RFC3986: 'RFC3986'
+};
+
+module.exports = {
+    'default': Format.RFC3986,
+    formatters: {
+        RFC1738: function (value) {
+            return replace.call(value, percentTwenties, '+');
+        },
+        RFC3986: function (value) {
+            return String(value);
+        }
+    },
+    RFC1738: Format.RFC1738,
+    RFC3986: Format.RFC3986
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var stringify = require('./stringify');
+var parse = require('./parse');
+var formats = require('./formats');
+
+module.exports = {
+    formats: formats,
+    parse: parse,
+    stringify: stringify
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var utils = require('./utils');
+
+var has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var isArray = Array.isArray;
+
+var defaults = {
+    allowDots: false,
+    allowEmptyArrays: false,
+    allowPrototypes: false,
+    allowSparse: false,
+    arrayLimit: 20,
+    charset: 'utf-8',
+    charsetSentinel: false,
+    comma: false,
+    decodeDotInKeys: false,
+    decoder: utils.decode,
+    delimiter: '&',
+    depth: 5,
+    duplicates: 'combine',
+    ignoreQueryPrefix: false,
+    interpretNumericEntities: false,
+    parameterLimit: 1000,
+    parseArrays: true,
+    plainObjects: false,
+    strictDepth: false,
+    strictMerge: true,
+    strictNullHandling: false,
+    throwOnLimitExceeded: false
+};
+
+var interpretNumericEntities = function (str) {
+    return str.replace(/&#(\d+);/g, function ($0, numberStr) {
+        return String.fromCharCode(parseInt(numberStr, 10));
+    });
+};
+
+var parseArrayValue = function (val, options, currentArrayLength, isFlatArrayValue) {
+    if (val && typeof val === 'string' && options.comma && val.indexOf(',') > -1) {
+        if (isFlatArrayValue && options.throwOnLimitExceeded) {
+            var commaCount = 0;
+            var commaIndex = val.indexOf(',');
+            while (commaIndex > -1) {
+                commaCount += 1;
+                if (commaCount >= options.arrayLimit) {
+                    throw new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only ' + options.arrayLimit + ' element' + (options.arrayLimit === 1 ? '' : 's') + ' allowed in an array.');
+                }
+                commaIndex = val.indexOf(',', commaIndex + 1);
+            }
+        }
+        return val.split(',');
+    }
+
+    if (options.throwOnLimitExceeded && currentArrayLength >= options.arrayLimit) {
+        throw new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only ' + options.arrayLimit + ' element' + (options.arrayLimit === 1 ? '' : 's') + ' allowed in an array.');
+    }
+
+    return val;
+};
+
+// This is what browsers will submit when the ✓ character occurs in an
+// application/x-www-form-urlencoded body and the encoding of the page containing
+// the form is iso-8859-1, or when the submitted form has an accept-charset
+// attribute of iso-8859-1. Presumably also with other charsets that do not contain
+// the ✓ character, such as us-ascii.
+var isoSentinel = 'utf8=%26%2310003%3B'; // encodeURIComponent('&#10003;')
+
+// These are the percent-encoded utf-8 octets representing a checkmark, indicating that the request actually is utf-8 encoded.
+var charsetSentinel = 'utf8=%E2%9C%93'; // encodeURIComponent('✓')
+
+var parseValues = function parseQueryStringValues(str, options) {
+    var obj = { __proto__: null };
+
+    var cleanStr = options.ignoreQueryPrefix ? str.replace(/^\?/, '') : str;
+    cleanStr = cleanStr.replace(/%5B/gi, '[').replace(/%5D/gi, ']');
+
+    var limit = options.parameterLimit === Infinity ? void undefined : options.parameterLimit;
+    var parts = cleanStr.split(
+        options.delimiter,
+        options.throwOnLimitExceeded && typeof limit !== 'undefined' ? limit + 1 : limit
+    );
+
+    if (options.throwOnLimitExceeded && typeof limit !== 'undefined' && parts.length > limit) {
+        throw new RangeError('Parameter limit exceeded. Only ' + limit + ' parameter' + (limit === 1 ? '' : 's') + ' allowed.');
+    }
+
+    var skipIndex = -1; // Keep track of where the utf8 sentinel was found
+    var i;
+
+    var charset = options.charset;
+    if (options.charsetSentinel) {
+        for (i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+            if (parts[i].indexOf('utf8=') === 0) {
+                if (parts[i] === charsetSentinel) {
+                    charset = 'utf-8';
+                } else if (parts[i] === isoSentinel) {
+                    charset = 'iso-8859-1';
+                }
+                skipIndex = i;
+                i = parts.length; // The eslint settings do not allow break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {
+        if (i === skipIndex) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        var part = parts[i];
+
+        var bracketEqualsPos = part.indexOf(']=');
+        var pos = bracketEqualsPos === -1 ? part.indexOf('=') : bracketEqualsPos + 1;
+
+        var key;
+        var val;
+        if (pos === -1) {
+            key = options.decoder(part, defaults.decoder, charset, 'key');
+            val = options.strictNullHandling ? null : '';
+        } else {
+            key = options.decoder(part.slice(0, pos), defaults.decoder, charset, 'key');
+
+            if (key !== null) {
+                val = utils.maybeMap(
+                    parseArrayValue(
+                        part.slice(pos + 1),
+                        options,
+                        isArray(obj[key]) ? obj[key].length : 0,
+                        part.indexOf('[]=') === -1
+                    ),
+                    function (encodedVal) {
+                        return options.decoder(encodedVal, defaults.decoder, charset, 'value');
+                    }
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (val && options.interpretNumericEntities && charset === 'iso-8859-1') {
+            val = interpretNumericEntities(String(val));
+        }
+
+        if (part.indexOf('[]=') > -1) {
+            val = isArray(val) ? [val] : val;
+        }
+
+        if (options.comma && isArray(val) && val.length > options.arrayLimit) {
+            val = utils.combine([], val, options.arrayLimit, options.plainObjects, options.throwOnLimitExceeded);
+        }
+
+        if (key !== null) {
+            var existing = has.call(obj, key);
+            if (existing && (options.duplicates === 'combine' || part.indexOf('[]=') > -1)) {
+                obj[key] = utils.combine(
+                    obj[key],
+                    val,
+                    options.arrayLimit,
+                    options.plainObjects,
+                    options.throwOnLimitExceeded
+                );
+            } else if (!existing || options.duplicates === 'last') {
+                obj[key] = val;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+};
+
+var parseObject = function (chain, val, options, valuesParsed) {
+    var currentArrayLength = 0;
+    if (chain.length > 0 && chain[chain.length - 1] === '[]') {
+        var parentKey = chain.slice(0, -1).join('');
+        currentArrayLength = Array.isArray(val) && val[parentKey] ? val[parentKey].length : 0;
+    }
+
+    var leaf = valuesParsed ? val : parseArrayValue(val, options, currentArrayLength);
+
+    for (var i = chain.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        var obj;
+        var root = chain[i];
+
+        if (root === '[]' && options.parseArrays) {
+            if (utils.isOverflow(leaf)) {
+                // leaf is already an overflow object, preserve it
+                obj = leaf;
+            } else {
+                obj = options.allowEmptyArrays && (leaf === '' || (options.strictNullHandling && leaf === null))
+                    ? []
+                    : utils.combine(
+                        [],
+                        leaf,
+                        options.arrayLimit,
+                        options.plainObjects,
+                        options.throwOnLimitExceeded
+                    );
+            }
+        } else {
+            obj = options.plainObjects ? { __proto__: null } : {};
+            var cleanRoot = root.charAt(0) === '[' && root.charAt(root.length - 1) === ']' ? root.slice(1, -1) : root;
+            var decodedRoot = options.decodeDotInKeys ? cleanRoot.replace(/%2E/g, '.') : cleanRoot;
+            var index = parseInt(decodedRoot, 10);
+            var isValidArrayIndex = !isNaN(index)
+                && root !== decodedRoot
+                && String(index) === decodedRoot
+                && index >= 0
+                && options.parseArrays;
+            if (!options.parseArrays && decodedRoot === '') {
+                obj = { 0: leaf };
+            } else if (isValidArrayIndex && index < options.arrayLimit) {
+                obj = [];
+                obj[index] = leaf;
+            } else if (isValidArrayIndex && options.throwOnLimitExceeded) {
+                throw new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only ' + options.arrayLimit + ' element' + (options.arrayLimit === 1 ? '' : 's') + ' allowed in an array.');
+            } else if (isValidArrayIndex) {
+                obj[index] = leaf;
+                utils.markOverflow(obj, index);
+            } else if (decodedRoot !== '__proto__') {
+                obj[decodedRoot] = leaf;
+            }
+        }
+
+        leaf = obj;
+    }
+
+    return leaf;
+};
+
+// Split a key like "a[b][c[]]" into ['a', '[b]', '[c[]]'] while preserving
+// qs parse semantics for depth/prototype guards.
+var splitKeyIntoSegments = function splitKeyIntoSegments(originalKey, options) {
+    var key = options.allowDots ? originalKey.replace(/\.([^.[]+)/g, '[$1]') : originalKey;
+
+    // depth <= 0 keeps the whole key as one segment
+    if (options.depth <= 0) {
+        if (!options.plainObjects && has.call(Object.prototype, key)) {
+            if (!options.allowPrototypes) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return [key];
+    }
+
+    var segments = [];
+
+    // parent before the first '[' (may be empty if key starts with '[')
+    var first = key.indexOf('[');
+    var parent = first >= 0 ? key.slice(0, first) : key;
+    if (parent) {
+        if (!options.plainObjects && has.call(Object.prototype, parent)) {
+            if (!options.allowPrototypes) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        segments[segments.length] = parent;
+    }
+
+    var n = key.length;
+    var open = first;
+    var collected = 0;
+
+    while (open >= 0 && collected < options.depth) {
+        var level = 1;
+        var i = open + 1;
+        var close = -1;
+
+        // balance nested '[' and ']' inside this bracket group using a nesting level counter
+        while (i < n && close < 0) {
+            var cu = key.charCodeAt(i);
+            if (cu === 0x5B) { // '['
+                level += 1;
+            } else if (cu === 0x5D) { // ']'
+                level -= 1;
+                if (level === 0) {
+                    close = i; // found matching close; loop will exit by condition
+                }
+            }
+            i += 1;
+        }
+
+        if (close < 0) {
+            // Unterminated group: wrap the raw remainder in one bracket pair so it stays
+            // a single literal segment (e.g. "[[]b" -> "[[]b]"); we do not infer missing ']'.
+            segments[segments.length] = '[' + key.slice(open) + ']';
+            return segments;
+        }
+
+        var seg = key.slice(open, close + 1);
+        // prototype guard for the content of this group
+        var content = seg.slice(1, -1);
+        if (!options.plainObjects && has.call(Object.prototype, content) && !options.allowPrototypes) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        segments[segments.length] = seg;
+        collected += 1;
+
+        // find the next '[' after this balanced group
+        open = key.indexOf('[', close + 1);
+    }
+
+    if (open >= 0) {
+        if (options.strictDepth === true) {
+            throw new RangeError('Input depth exceeded depth option of ' + options.depth + ' and strictDepth is true');
+        }
+
+        segments[segments.length] = '[' + key.slice(open) + ']';
+    }
+
+    return segments;
+};
+
+var parseKeys = function parseQueryStringKeys(givenKey, val, options, valuesParsed) {
+    if (!givenKey) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    var keys = splitKeyIntoSegments(givenKey, options);
+
+    if (!keys) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    return parseObject(keys, val, options, valuesParsed);
+};
+
+var normalizeParseOptions = function normalizeParseOptions(opts) {
+    if (!opts) {
+        return defaults;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof opts.allowEmptyArrays !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.allowEmptyArrays !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new TypeError('`allowEmptyArrays` option can only be `true` or `false`, when provided');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof opts.decodeDotInKeys !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.decodeDotInKeys !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new TypeError('`decodeDotInKeys` option can only be `true` or `false`, when provided');
+    }
+
+    if (opts.decoder !== null && typeof opts.decoder !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.decoder !== 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError('Decoder has to be a function.');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof opts.charset !== 'undefined' && opts.charset !== 'utf-8' && opts.charset !== 'iso-8859-1') {
+        throw new TypeError('The charset option must be either utf-8, iso-8859-1, or undefined');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof opts.throwOnLimitExceeded !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.throwOnLimitExceeded !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new TypeError('`throwOnLimitExceeded` option must be a boolean');
+    }
+
+    var charset = typeof opts.charset === 'undefined' ? defaults.charset : opts.charset;
+
+    var duplicates = typeof opts.duplicates === 'undefined' ? defaults.duplicates : opts.duplicates;
+
+    if (duplicates !== 'combine' && duplicates !== 'first' && duplicates !== 'last') {
+        throw new TypeError('The duplicates option must be either combine, first, or last');
+    }
+
+    var allowDots = typeof opts.allowDots === 'undefined' ? opts.decodeDotInKeys === true ? true : defaults.allowDots : !!opts.allowDots;
+
+    return {
+        allowDots: allowDots,
+        allowEmptyArrays: typeof opts.allowEmptyArrays === 'boolean' ? !!opts.allowEmptyArrays : defaults.allowEmptyArrays,
+        allowPrototypes: typeof opts.allowPrototypes === 'boolean' ? opts.allowPrototypes : defaults.allowPrototypes,
+        allowSparse: typeof opts.allowSparse === 'boolean' ? opts.allowSparse : defaults.allowSparse,
+        arrayLimit: typeof opts.arrayLimit === 'number' ? opts.arrayLimit : defaults.arrayLimit,
+        charset: charset,
+        charsetSentinel: typeof opts.charsetSentinel === 'boolean' ? opts.charsetSentinel : defaults.charsetSentinel,
+        comma: typeof opts.comma === 'boolean' ? opts.comma : defaults.comma,
+        decodeDotInKeys: typeof opts.decodeDotInKeys === 'boolean' ? opts.decodeDotInKeys : defaults.decodeDotInKeys,
+        decoder: typeof opts.decoder === 'function' ? opts.decoder : defaults.decoder,
+        delimiter: typeof opts.delimiter === 'string' || utils.isRegExp(opts.delimiter) ? opts.delimiter : defaults.delimiter,
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-implicit-coercion, no-extra-parens
+        depth: (typeof opts.depth === 'number' || opts.depth === false) ? +opts.depth : defaults.depth,
+        duplicates: duplicates,
+        ignoreQueryPrefix: opts.ignoreQueryPrefix === true,
+        interpretNumericEntities: typeof opts.interpretNumericEntities === 'boolean' ? opts.interpretNumericEntities : defaults.interpretNumericEntities,
+        parameterLimit: typeof opts.parameterLimit === 'number' ? opts.parameterLimit : defaults.parameterLimit,
+        parseArrays: opts.parseArrays !== false,
+        plainObjects: typeof opts.plainObjects === 'boolean' ? opts.plainObjects : defaults.plainObjects,
+        strictDepth: typeof opts.strictDepth === 'boolean' ? !!opts.strictDepth : defaults.strictDepth,
+        strictMerge: typeof opts.strictMerge === 'boolean' ? !!opts.strictMerge : defaults.strictMerge,
+        strictNullHandling: typeof opts.strictNullHandling === 'boolean' ? opts.strictNullHandling : defaults.strictNullHandling,
+        throwOnLimitExceeded: typeof opts.throwOnLimitExceeded === 'boolean' ? opts.throwOnLimitExceeded : false
+    };
+};
+
+module.exports = function (str, opts) {
+    var options = normalizeParseOptions(opts);
+
+    if (str === '' || str === null || typeof str === 'undefined') {
+        return options.plainObjects ? { __proto__: null } : {};
+    }
+
+    var tempObj = typeof str === 'string' ? parseValues(str, options) : str;
+    var obj = options.plainObjects ? { __proto__: null } : {};
+
+    // Iterate over the keys and setup the new object
+
+    var keys = Object.keys(tempObj);
+    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = keys[i];
+        var newObj = parseKeys(key, tempObj[key], options, typeof str === 'string');
+        obj = utils.merge(obj, newObj, options);
+    }
+
+    if (options.allowSparse === true) {
+        return obj;
+    }
+
+    return utils.compact(obj);
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var getSideChannel = require('side-channel');
+var utils = require('./utils');
+var formats = require('./formats');
+var has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+var arrayPrefixGenerators = {
+    brackets: function brackets(prefix) {
+        return prefix + '[]';
+    },
+    comma: 'comma',
+    indices: function indices(prefix, key) {
+        return prefix + '[' + key + ']';
+    },
+    repeat: function repeat(prefix) {
+        return prefix;
+    }
+};
+
+var isArray = Array.isArray;
+var push = Array.prototype.push;
+var pushToArray = function (arr, valueOrArray) {
+    push.apply(arr, isArray(valueOrArray) ? valueOrArray : [valueOrArray]);
+};
+
+var toISO = Date.prototype.toISOString;
+
+var defaultFormat = formats['default'];
+var defaults = {
+    addQueryPrefix: false,
+    allowDots: false,
+    allowEmptyArrays: false,
+    arrayFormat: 'indices',
+    charset: 'utf-8',
+    charsetSentinel: false,
+    commaRoundTrip: false,
+    delimiter: '&',
+    encode: true,
+    encodeDotInKeys: false,
+    encoder: utils.encode,
+    encodeValuesOnly: false,
+    filter: void undefined,
+    format: defaultFormat,
+    formatter: formats.formatters[defaultFormat],
+    // deprecated
+    indices: false,
+    serializeDate: function serializeDate(date) {
+        return toISO.call(date);
+    },
+    skipNulls: false,
+    strictNullHandling: false
+};
+
+var isNonNullishPrimitive = function isNonNullishPrimitive(v) {
+    return typeof v === 'string'
+        || typeof v === 'number'
+        || typeof v === 'boolean'
+        || typeof v === 'symbol'
+        || typeof v === 'bigint';
+};
+
+var sentinel = {};
+
+var stringify = function stringify(
+    object,
+    prefix,
+    generateArrayPrefix,
+    commaRoundTrip,
+    allowEmptyArrays,
+    strictNullHandling,
+    skipNulls,
+    encodeDotInKeys,
+    encoder,
+    filter,
+    sort,
+    allowDots,
+    serializeDate,
+    format,
+    formatter,
+    encodeValuesOnly,
+    charset,
+    sideChannel
+) {
+    var obj = object;
+
+    var tmpSc = sideChannel;
+    var step = 0;
+    var findFlag = false;
+    while ((tmpSc = tmpSc.get(sentinel)) !== void undefined && !findFlag) {
+        // Where object last appeared in the ref tree
+        var pos = tmpSc.get(object);
+        step += 1;
+        if (typeof pos !== 'undefined') {
+            if (pos === step) {
+                throw new RangeError('Cyclic object value');
+            } else {
+                findFlag = true; // Break while
+            }
+        }
+        if (typeof tmpSc.get(sentinel) === 'undefined') {
+            step = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (typeof filter === 'function') {
+        obj = filter(prefix, obj);
+    } else if (obj instanceof Date) {
+        obj = serializeDate(obj);
+    } else if (generateArrayPrefix === 'comma' && isArray(obj)) {
+        obj = utils.maybeMap(obj, function (value) {
+            if (value instanceof Date) {
+                return serializeDate(value);
+            }
+            return value;
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (obj === null) {
+        if (strictNullHandling) {
+            return formatter(encoder && !encodeValuesOnly ? encoder(prefix, defaults.encoder, charset, 'key', format) : prefix);
+        }
+
+        obj = '';
+    }
+
+    if (isNonNullishPrimitive(obj) || utils.isBuffer(obj)) {
+        if (encoder) {
+            var keyValue = encodeValuesOnly ? prefix : encoder(prefix, defaults.encoder, charset, 'key', format);
+            return [formatter(keyValue) + '=' + formatter(encoder(obj, defaults.encoder, charset, 'value', format))];
+        }
+        return [formatter(prefix) + '=' + formatter(String(obj))];
+    }
+
+    var values = [];
+
+    if (typeof obj === 'undefined') {
+        return values;
+    }
+
+    var objKeys;
+    if (generateArrayPrefix === 'comma' && isArray(obj)) {
+        // we need to join elements in
+        if (encodeValuesOnly && encoder) {
+            obj = utils.maybeMap(obj, function (v) {
+                return v == null ? v : encoder(v);
+            });
+        }
+        objKeys = [{ value: obj.length > 0 ? obj.join(',') || null : void undefined }];
+    } else if (isArray(filter)) {
+        objKeys = filter;
+    } else {
+        var keys = Object.keys(obj);
+        objKeys = sort ? keys.sort(sort) : keys;
+    }
+
+    var encodedPrefix = encodeDotInKeys ? String(prefix).replace(/\./g, '%2E') : String(prefix);
+
+    var adjustedPrefix = commaRoundTrip && isArray(obj) && obj.length === 1 ? encodedPrefix + '[]' : encodedPrefix;
+
+    if (allowEmptyArrays && isArray(obj) && obj.length === 0) {
+        return adjustedPrefix + '[]';
+    }
+
+    for (var j = 0; j < objKeys.length; ++j) {
+        var key = objKeys[j];
+        var value = typeof key === 'object' && key && typeof key.value !== 'undefined'
+            ? key.value
+            : obj[key];
+
+        if (skipNulls && value === null) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        var encodedKey = allowDots && encodeDotInKeys ? String(key).replace(/\./g, '%2E') : String(key);
+        var keyPrefix = isArray(obj)
+            ? typeof generateArrayPrefix === 'function' ? generateArrayPrefix(adjustedPrefix, encodedKey) : adjustedPrefix
+            : adjustedPrefix + (allowDots ? '.' + encodedKey : '[' + encodedKey + ']');
+
+        sideChannel.set(object, step);
+        var valueSideChannel = getSideChannel();
+        valueSideChannel.set(sentinel, sideChannel);
+        pushToArray(values, stringify(
+            value,
+            keyPrefix,
+            generateArrayPrefix,
+            commaRoundTrip,
+            allowEmptyArrays,
+            strictNullHandling,
+            skipNulls,
+            encodeDotInKeys,
+            generateArrayPrefix === 'comma' && encodeValuesOnly && isArray(obj) ? null : encoder,
+            filter,
+            sort,
+            allowDots,
+            serializeDate,
+            format,
+            formatter,
+            encodeValuesOnly,
+            charset,
+            valueSideChannel
+        ));
+    }
+
+    return values;
+};
+
+var normalizeStringifyOptions = function normalizeStringifyOptions(opts) {
+    if (!opts) {
+        return defaults;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof opts.allowEmptyArrays !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.allowEmptyArrays !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new TypeError('`allowEmptyArrays` option can only be `true` or `false`, when provided');
+    }
+
+    if (typeof opts.encodeDotInKeys !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.encodeDotInKeys !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new TypeError('`encodeDotInKeys` option can only be `true` or `false`, when provided');
+    }
+
+    if (opts.encoder !== null && typeof opts.encoder !== 'undefined' && typeof opts.encoder !== 'function') {
+        throw new TypeError('Encoder has to be a function.');
+    }
+
+    var charset = opts.charset || defaults.charset;
+    if (typeof opts.charset !== 'undefined' && opts.charset !== 'utf-8' && opts.charset !== 'iso-8859-1') {
+        throw new TypeError('The charset option must be either utf-8, iso-8859-1, or undefined');
+    }
+
+    var format = formats['default'];
+    if (typeof opts.format !== 'undefined') {
+        if (!has.call(formats.formatters, opts.format)) {
+            throw new TypeError('Unknown format option provided.');
+        }
+        format = opts.format;
+    }
+    var formatter = formats.formatters[format];
+
+    var filter = defaults.filter;
+    if (typeof opts.filter === 'function' || isArray(opts.filter)) {
+        filter = opts.filter;
+    }
+
+    var arrayFormat;
+    if (opts.arrayFormat in arrayPrefixGenerators) {
+        arrayFormat = opts.arrayFormat;
+    } else if ('indices' in opts) {
+        arrayFormat = opts.indices ? 'indices' : 'repeat';
+    } else {
+        arrayFormat = defaults.arrayFormat;
+    }
+
+    if ('commaRoundTrip' in opts && typeof opts.commaRoundTrip !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new TypeError('`commaRoundTrip` must be a boolean, or absent');
+    }
+
+    var allowDots = typeof opts.allowDots === 'undefined' ? opts.encodeDotInKeys === true ? true : defaults.allowDots : !!opts.allowDots;
+
+    return {
+        addQueryPrefix: typeof opts.addQueryPrefix === 'boolean' ? opts.addQueryPrefix : defaults.addQueryPrefix,
+        allowDots: allowDots,
+        allowEmptyArrays: typeof opts.allowEmptyArrays === 'boolean' ? !!opts.allowEmptyArrays : defaults.allowEmptyArrays,
+        arrayFormat: arrayFormat,
+        charset: charset,
+        charsetSentinel: typeof opts.charsetSentinel === 'boolean' ? opts.charsetSentinel : defaults.charsetSentinel,
+        commaRoundTrip: !!opts.commaRoundTrip,
+        delimiter: typeof opts.delimiter === 'undefined' ? defaults.delimiter : opts.delimiter,
+        encode: typeof opts.encode === 'boolean' ? opts.encode : defaults.encode,
+        encodeDotInKeys: typeof opts.encodeDotInKeys === 'boolean' ? opts.encodeDotInKeys : defaults.encodeDotInKeys,
+        encoder: typeof opts.encoder === 'function' ? opts.encoder : defaults.encoder,
+        encodeValuesOnly: typeof opts.encodeValuesOnly === 'boolean' ? opts.encodeValuesOnly : defaults.encodeValuesOnly,
+        filter: filter,
+        format: format,
+        formatter: formatter,
+        serializeDate: typeof opts.serializeDate === 'function' ? opts.serializeDate : defaults.serializeDate,
+        skipNulls: typeof opts.skipNulls === 'boolean' ? opts.skipNulls : defaults.skipNulls,
+        sort: typeof opts.sort === 'function' ? opts.sort : null,
+        strictNullHandling: typeof opts.strictNullHandling === 'boolean' ? opts.strictNullHandling : defaults.strictNullHandling
+    };
+};
+
+module.exports = function (object, opts) {
+    var obj = object;
+    var options = normalizeStringifyOptions(opts);
+
+    var objKeys;
+    var filter;
+
+    if (typeof options.filter === 'function') {
+        filter = options.filter;
+        obj = filter('', obj);
+    } else if (isArray(options.filter)) {
+        filter = options.filter;
+        objKeys = filter;
+    }
+
+    var keys = [];
+
+    if (typeof obj !== 'object' || obj === null) {
+        return '';
+    }
+
+    var generateArrayPrefix = arrayPrefixGenerators[options.arrayFormat];
+    var commaRoundTrip = generateArrayPrefix === 'comma' && options.commaRoundTrip;
+
+    if (!objKeys) {
+        objKeys = Object.keys(obj);
+    }
+
+    if (options.sort) {
+        objKeys.sort(options.sort);
+    }
+
+    var sideChannel = getSideChannel();
+    for (var i = 0; i < objKeys.length; ++i) {
+        var key = objKeys[i];
+
+        if (typeof key === 'undefined' || key === null) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        var value = obj[key];
+
+        if (options.skipNulls && value === null) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        pushToArray(keys, stringify(
+            value,
+            key,
+            generateArrayPrefix,
+            commaRoundTrip,
+            options.allowEmptyArrays,
+            options.strictNullHandling,
+            options.skipNulls,
+            options.encodeDotInKeys,
+            options.encode ? options.encoder : null,
+            options.filter,
+            options.sort,
+            options.allowDots,
+            options.serializeDate,
+            options.format,
+            options.formatter,
+            options.encodeValuesOnly,
+            options.charset,
+            sideChannel
+        ));
+    }
+
+    var joined = keys.join(options.delimiter);
+    var prefix = options.addQueryPrefix === true ? '?' : '';
+
+    if (options.charsetSentinel) {
+        if (options.charset === 'iso-8859-1') {
+            // encodeURIComponent('&#10003;'), the "numeric entity" representation of a checkmark
+            prefix += 'utf8=%26%2310003%3B' + options.delimiter;
+        } else {
+            // encodeURIComponent('✓')
+            prefix += 'utf8=%E2%9C%93' + options.delimiter;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return joined.length > 0 ? prefix + joined : '';
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var formats = require('./formats');
+var getSideChannel = require('side-channel');
+var defineProperty = require('es-define-property');
+
+var has = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var isArray = Array.isArray;
+
+// Track objects created from arrayLimit overflow using side-channel
+// Stores the current max numeric index for O(1) lookup
+var overflowChannel = getSideChannel();
+
+var markOverflow = function markOverflow(obj, maxIndex) {
+    overflowChannel.set(obj, maxIndex);
+    return obj;
+};
+
+var isOverflow = function isOverflow(obj) {
+    return overflowChannel.has(obj);
+};
+
+var getMaxIndex = function getMaxIndex(obj) {
+    return overflowChannel.get(obj);
+};
+
+var setMaxIndex = function setMaxIndex(obj, maxIndex) {
+    overflowChannel.set(obj, maxIndex);
+};
+
+var hexTable = (function () {
+    var array = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
+        array[array.length] = '%' + ((i < 16 ? '0' : '') + i.toString(16)).toUpperCase();
+    }
+
+    return array;
+}());
+
+var compactQueue = function compactQueue(queue) {
+    while (queue.length > 1) {
+        var item = queue.pop();
+        var obj = item.obj[item.prop];
+
+        if (isArray(obj)) {
+            var compacted = [];
+
+            for (var j = 0; j < obj.length; ++j) {
+                if (typeof obj[j] !== 'undefined') {
+                    compacted[compacted.length] = obj[j];
+                }
+            }
+
+            item.obj[item.prop] = compacted;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+var arrayToObject = function arrayToObject(source, options) {
+    var obj = options && options.plainObjects ? { __proto__: null } : {};
+    for (var i = 0; i < source.length; ++i) {
+        if (typeof source[i] !== 'undefined') {
+            obj[i] = source[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+};
+
+var setProperty = function setProperty(obj, key, value) {
+    if (key === '__proto__' && defineProperty) {
+        defineProperty(obj, key, {
+            configurable: true,
+            enumerable: true,
+            value: value,
+            writable: true
+        });
+    } else {
+        obj[key] = value;
+    }
+};
+
+var merge = function merge(target, source, options) {
+    /* eslint no-param-reassign: 0 */
+    if (!source) {
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof source !== 'object' && typeof source !== 'function') {
+        if (isArray(target)) {
+            var nextIndex = target.length;
+            if (options && typeof options.arrayLimit === 'number' && nextIndex >= options.arrayLimit) {
+                if (options.throwOnLimitExceeded) {
+                    throw new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only ' + options.arrayLimit + ' element' + (options.arrayLimit === 1 ? '' : 's') + ' allowed in an array.');
+                }
+                return markOverflow(arrayToObject(target.concat(source), options), nextIndex);
+            }
+            target[nextIndex] = source;
+        } else if (target && typeof target === 'object') {
+            if (isOverflow(target)) {
+                // Add at next numeric index for overflow objects
+                var newIndex = getMaxIndex(target) + 1;
+                target[newIndex] = source;
+                setMaxIndex(target, newIndex);
+            } else if (options && options.strictMerge) {
+                return [target, source];
+            } else if (
+                (options && (options.plainObjects || options.allowPrototypes))
+                || !has.call(Object.prototype, source)
+            ) {
+                target[source] = true;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return [target, source];
+        }
+
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    if (!target || typeof target !== 'object') {
+        if (isOverflow(source)) {
+            // Create new object with target at 0, source values shifted by 1
+            var sourceKeys = Object.keys(source);
+            var result = options && options.plainObjects
+                ? { __proto__: null, 0: target }
+                : { 0: target };
+            for (var m = 0; m < sourceKeys.length; m++) {
+                var oldKey = parseInt(sourceKeys[m], 10);
+                result[oldKey + 1] = source[sourceKeys[m]];
+            }
+            return markOverflow(result, getMaxIndex(source) + 1);
+        }
+        var combined = [target].concat(source);
+        if (options && typeof options.arrayLimit === 'number' && combined.length > options.arrayLimit) {
+            if (options.throwOnLimitExceeded) {
+                throw new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only ' + options.arrayLimit + ' element' + (options.arrayLimit === 1 ? '' : 's') + ' allowed in an array.');
+            }
+            return markOverflow(arrayToObject(combined, options), combined.length - 1);
+        }
+        return combined;
+    }
+
+    var mergeTarget = target;
+    if (isArray(target) && !isArray(source)) {
+        mergeTarget = arrayToObject(target, options);
+    }
+
+    if (isArray(target) && isArray(source)) {
+        source.forEach(function (item, i) {
+            if (has.call(target, i)) {
+                var targetItem = target[i];
+                if (targetItem && typeof targetItem === 'object' && item && typeof item === 'object') {
+                    target[i] = merge(targetItem, item, options);
+                } else {
+                    target[target.length] = item;
+                }
+            } else {
+                target[i] = item;
+            }
+        });
+        if (options && typeof options.arrayLimit === 'number' && target.length > options.arrayLimit) {
+            if (options.throwOnLimitExceeded) {
+                throw new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only ' + options.arrayLimit + ' element' + (options.arrayLimit === 1 ? '' : 's') + ' allowed in an array.');
+            }
+            return markOverflow(arrayToObject(target, options), target.length - 1);
+        }
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    return Object.keys(source).reduce(function (acc, key) {
+        var value = source[key];
+
+        if (has.call(acc, key)) {
+            setProperty(acc, key, merge(acc[key], value, options));
+        } else {
+            setProperty(acc, key, value);
+        }
+
+        if (isOverflow(source) && !isOverflow(acc)) {
+            markOverflow(acc, getMaxIndex(source));
+        }
+        if (isOverflow(acc)) {
+            var keyNum = parseInt(key, 10);
+            if (String(keyNum) === key && keyNum >= 0 && keyNum > getMaxIndex(acc)) {
+                setMaxIndex(acc, keyNum);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return acc;
+    }, mergeTarget);
+};
+
+var assign = function assignSingleSource(target, source) {
+    return Object.keys(source).reduce(function (acc, key) {
+        setProperty(acc, key, source[key]);
+        return acc;
+    }, target);
+};
+
+var decode = function (str, defaultDecoder, charset) {
+    var strWithoutPlus = str.replace(/\+/g, ' ');
+    if (charset === 'iso-8859-1') {
+        // unescape never throws, no try...catch needed:
+        return strWithoutPlus.replace(/%[0-9a-f]{2}/gi, unescape);
+    }
+    // utf-8
+    try {
+        return decodeURIComponent(strWithoutPlus);
+    } catch (e) {
+        return strWithoutPlus;
+    }
+};
+
+var limit = 1024;
+
+/* eslint operator-linebreak: [2, "before"] */
+
+var encode = function encode(str, defaultEncoder, charset, kind, format) {
+    // This code was originally written by Brian White (mscdex) for the io.js core querystring library.
+    // It has been adapted here for stricter adherence to RFC 3986
+    if (str.length === 0) {
+        return str;
+    }
+
+    var string = str;
+    if (typeof str === 'symbol') {
+        string = Symbol.prototype.toString.call(str);
+    } else if (typeof str !== 'string') {
+        string = String(str);
+    }
+
+    if (charset === 'iso-8859-1') {
+        return escape(string).replace(/%u[0-9a-f]{4}/gi, function ($0) {
+            return '%26%23' + parseInt($0.slice(2), 16) + '%3B';
+        });
+    }
+
+    var out = '';
+    for (var j = 0; j < string.length; j += limit) {
+        var segment = string.length >= limit ? string.slice(j, j + limit) : string;
+        if (j + limit < string.length) {
+            var last = segment.charCodeAt(segment.length - 1);
+            if (last >= 0xD800 && last <= 0xDBFF) {
+                segment = segment.slice(0, -1);
+                j -= 1;
+            }
+        }
+        var arr = [];
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < segment.length; ++i) {
+            var c = segment.charCodeAt(i);
+            if (
+                c === 0x2D // -
+                || c === 0x2E // .
+                || c === 0x5F // _
+                || c === 0x7E // ~
+                || (c >= 0x30 && c <= 0x39) // 0-9
+                || (c >= 0x41 && c <= 0x5A) // a-z
+                || (c >= 0x61 && c <= 0x7A) // A-Z
+                || (format === formats.RFC1738 && (c === 0x28 || c === 0x29)) // ( )
+            ) {
+                arr[arr.length] = segment.charAt(i);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (c < 0x80) {
+                arr[arr.length] = hexTable[c];
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (c < 0x800) {
+                arr[arr.length] = hexTable[0xC0 | (c >> 6)]
+                    + hexTable[0x80 | (c & 0x3F)];
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (c < 0xD800 || c >= 0xE000) {
+                arr[arr.length] = hexTable[0xE0 | (c >> 12)]
+                    + hexTable[0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F)]
+                    + hexTable[0x80 | (c & 0x3F)];
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            i += 1;
+            c = 0x10000 + (((c & 0x3FF) << 10) | (segment.charCodeAt(i) & 0x3FF));
+
+            arr[arr.length] = hexTable[0xF0 | (c >> 18)]
+                + hexTable[0x80 | ((c >> 12) & 0x3F)]
+                + hexTable[0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F)]
+                + hexTable[0x80 | (c & 0x3F)];
+        }
+
+        out += arr.join('');
+    }
+
+    return out;
+};
+
+var compact = function compact(value) {
+    var queue = [{ obj: { o: value }, prop: 'o' }];
+    var refs = getSideChannel();
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < queue.length; ++i) {
+        var item = queue[i];
+        var obj = item.obj[item.prop];
+
+        var keys = Object.keys(obj);
+        for (var j = 0; j < keys.length; ++j) {
+            var key = keys[j];
+            var val = obj[key];
+            if (typeof val === 'object' && val !== null && !refs.has(val)) {
+                queue[queue.length] = { obj: obj, prop: key };
+                refs.set(val, true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    compactQueue(queue);
+
+    return value;
+};
+
+var isRegExp = function isRegExp(obj) {
+    return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) === '[object RegExp]';
+};
+
+var isBuffer = function isBuffer(obj) {
+    if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return !!(obj.constructor && obj.constructor.isBuffer && obj.constructor.isBuffer(obj));
+};
+
+var combine = function combine(a, b, arrayLimit, plainObjects, throwOnLimitExceeded) {
+    // If 'a' is already an overflow object, add to it
+    if (isOverflow(a)) {
+        if (throwOnLimitExceeded) {
+            throw new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only ' + arrayLimit + ' element' + (arrayLimit === 1 ? '' : 's') + ' allowed in an array.');
+        }
+        var newIndex = getMaxIndex(a) + 1;
+        a[newIndex] = b;
+        setMaxIndex(a, newIndex);
+        return a;
+    }
+
+    var result = [].concat(a, b);
+    if (result.length > arrayLimit) {
+        if (throwOnLimitExceeded) {
+            throw new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only ' + arrayLimit + ' element' + (arrayLimit === 1 ? '' : 's') + ' allowed in an array.');
+        }
+        return markOverflow(arrayToObject(result, { plainObjects: plainObjects }), result.length - 1);
+    }
+    return result;
+};
+
+var maybeMap = function maybeMap(val, fn) {
+    if (isArray(val)) {
+        var mapped = [];
+        for (var i = 0; i < val.length; i += 1) {
+            mapped[mapped.length] = fn(val[i]);
+        }
+        return mapped;
+    }
+    return fn(val);
+};
+
+module.exports = {
+    arrayToObject: arrayToObject,
+    assign: assign,
+    combine: combine,
+    compact: compact,
+    decode: decode,
+    encode: encode,
+    isBuffer: isBuffer,
+    isOverflow: isOverflow,
+    isRegExp: isRegExp,
+    markOverflow: markOverflow,
+    maybeMap: maybeMap,
+    merge: merge
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+{
+    "name": "qs",
+    "description": "A querystring parser that supports nesting and arrays, with a depth limit",
+    "homepage": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs",
+    "version": "6.15.3",
+    "repository": {
+        "type": "git",
+        "url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs.git"
+    },
+    "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
+    },
+    "main": "lib/index.js",
+    "sideEffects": false,
+    "contributors": [
+        {
+            "name": "Jordan Harband",
+            "email": "ljharb@gmail.com",
+            "url": "http://ljharb.codes"
+        }
+    ],
+    "keywords": [
+        "querystring",
+        "qs",
+        "query",
+        "url",
+        "parse",
+        "stringify"
+    ],
+    "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.6"
+    },
+    "dependencies": {
+        "es-define-property": "^1.0.1",
+        "side-channel": "^1.1.1"
+    },
+    "devDependencies": {
+        "@browserify/envify": "^6.0.0",
+        "@browserify/uglifyify": "^6.0.0",
+        "@ljharb/eslint-config": "^22.2.3",
+        "browserify": "^16.5.2",
+        "bundle-collapser": "^1.4.0",
+        "common-shakeify": "~1.0.0",
+        "eclint": "^2.8.1",
+        "es-value-fixtures": "^1.7.1",
+        "eslint": "^10.5.0",
+        "evalmd": "^0.0.19",
+        "for-each": "^0.3.5",
+        "glob": "=10.3.7",
+        "has-bigints": "^1.1.0",
+        "has-override-mistake": "^1.0.1",
+        "has-property-descriptors": "^1.0.2",
+        "has-proto": "^1.2.0",
+        "has-symbols": "^1.1.0",
+        "iconv-lite": "^0.5.2",
+        "in-publish": "^2.0.1",
+        "jackspeak": "=2.1.1",
+        "jiti": "^0.0.0",
+        "mkdirp": "^0.5.5",
+        "mock-property": "^1.1.2",
+        "module-deps": "^6.2.3",
+        "npmignore": "^0.3.5",
+        "nyc": "^10.3.2",
+        "object-inspect": "^1.13.4",
+        "qs-iconv": "^1.0.4",
+        "safe-publish-latest": "^2.0.0",
+        "safer-buffer": "^2.1.2",
+        "tape": "^5.10.2",
+        "unassertify": "^3.0.1"
+    },
+    "scripts": {
+        "prepack": "npmignore --auto --commentLines=autogenerated && npm run dist",
+        "prepublishOnly": "safe-publish-latest",
+        "prepublish": "not-in-publish || npm run prepublishOnly",
+        "pretest": "npm run --silent readme && npm run --silent lint",
+        "test": "npm run tests-only",
+        "tests-only": "nyc tape 'test/**/*.js'",
+        "posttest": "npx npm@'>=10.2' audit --production",
+        "readme": "evalmd README.md",
+        "postlint": "eclint check $(git ls-files | xargs find 2> /dev/null | grep -vE 'node_modules|\\.git' | grep -v dist/)",
+        "lint": "eslint .",
+        "dist": "mkdirp dist && browserify --standalone Qs -g unassertify -g @browserify/envify -g [@browserify/uglifyify --mangle.keep_fnames --compress.keep_fnames --format.indent_level=1 --compress.arrows=false --compress.passes=4 --compress.typeofs=false] -p common-shakeify -p bundle-collapser/plugin lib/index.js > dist/qs.js"
+    },
+    "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+    "publishConfig": {
+        "ignore": [
+            "!dist/*",
+            "bower.json",
+            "component.json",
+            ".github/workflows",
+            "logos",
+            "tea.yaml"
+        ]
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = {
+    emptyTestCases: [
+        {
+            input: '&',
+            withEmptyKeys: {},
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '',
+                indices: '',
+                repeat: ''
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '&&',
+            withEmptyKeys: {},
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '',
+                indices: '',
+                repeat: ''
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '' },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=',
+                indices: '=',
+                repeat: '='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '&=&',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '' },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=',
+                indices: '=',
+                repeat: '='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '&=&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['', ''] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=&[]=',
+                indices: '[0]=&[1]=',
+                repeat: '=&='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '&=&=&',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['', ''] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=&[]=',
+                indices: '[0]=&[1]=',
+                repeat: '=&='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '' },
+            noEmptyKeys: {},
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=',
+                indices: '=',
+                repeat: '='
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=&',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '' },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=',
+                indices: '=',
+                repeat: '='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=&&&',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '' },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=',
+                indices: '=',
+                repeat: '='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=&=&=&',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['', '', ''] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=&[]=&[]=',
+                indices: '[0]=&[1]=&[2]=',
+                repeat: '=&=&='
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=&a[]=b&a[1]=c',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=a',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': 'a' },
+            noEmptyKeys: {},
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=a',
+                indices: '=a',
+                repeat: '=a'
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            input: 'a==a',
+            withEmptyKeys: { a: '=a' },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: '=a' },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: 'a==a',
+                indices: 'a==a',
+                repeat: 'a==a'
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=&a[]=b',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b',
+                repeat: '=&a=b'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c&a[2]=d',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c&a[]=d',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c&a[2]=d',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c&a=d'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=a&=b',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['a', 'b'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=a&[]=b',
+                indices: '[0]=a&[1]=b',
+                repeat: '=a&=b'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: {}
+        },
+        {
+            input: '=a&foo=b',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': 'a', foo: 'b' },
+            noEmptyKeys: { foo: 'b' },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=a&foo=b',
+                indices: '=a&foo=b',
+                repeat: '=a&foo=b'
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            input: 'a[]=b&a=c&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: 'a[]=b&a=c&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: 'a[0]=b&a=c&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: 'a=b&a[]=c&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: 'a=b&a[0]=c&=',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': '', a: ['b', 'c'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '=&a[]=b&a[]=c',
+                indices: '=&a[0]=b&a[1]=c',
+                repeat: '=&a=b&a=c'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { a: ['b', 'c'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '[]=a&[]=b& []=1',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['a', 'b'], ' ': ['1'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=a&[]=b& []=1',
+                indices: '[0]=a&[1]=b& [0]=1',
+                repeat: '=a&=b& =1'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', ' ': ['1'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '[0]=a&[1]=b&a[0]=1&a[1]=2',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['a', 'b'], a: ['1', '2'] },
+            noEmptyKeys: { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', a: ['1', '2'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=a&[]=b&a[]=1&a[]=2',
+                indices: '[0]=a&[1]=b&a[0]=1&a[1]=2',
+                repeat: '=a&=b&a=1&a=2'
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '[deep]=a&[deep]=2',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': { deep: ['a', '2'] }
+            },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[deep][]=a&[deep][]=2',
+                indices: '[deep][0]=a&[deep][1]=2',
+                repeat: '[deep]=a&[deep]=2'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { deep: ['a', '2'] }
+        },
+        {
+            input: '%5B0%5D=a&%5B1%5D=b',
+            withEmptyKeys: { '': ['a', 'b'] },
+            stringifyOutput: {
+                brackets: '[]=a&[]=b',
+                indices: '[0]=a&[1]=b',
+                repeat: '=a&=b'
+            },
+            noEmptyKeys: { 0: 'a', 1: 'b' }
+        }
+    ]
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,626 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var test = require('tape');
+var inspect = require('object-inspect');
+var SaferBuffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer;
+var forEach = require('for-each');
+var v = require('es-value-fixtures');
+
+var utils = require('../lib/utils');
+
+test('merge()', function (t) {
+    t.deepEqual(utils.merge(null, true), [null, true], 'merges true into null');
+
+    t.deepEqual(utils.merge(null, [42]), [null, 42], 'merges null into an array');
+
+    t.deepEqual(utils.merge({ a: 'b' }, { a: 'c' }), { a: ['b', 'c'] }, 'merges two objects with the same key');
+
+    var oneMerged = utils.merge({ foo: 'bar' }, { foo: { first: '123' } });
+    t.deepEqual(oneMerged, { foo: ['bar', { first: '123' }] }, 'merges a standalone and an object into an array');
+
+    var twoMerged = utils.merge({ foo: ['bar', { first: '123' }] }, { foo: { second: '456' } });
+    t.deepEqual(twoMerged, { foo: { 0: 'bar', 1: { first: '123' }, second: '456' } }, 'merges a standalone and two objects into an array');
+
+    var sandwiched = utils.merge({ foo: ['bar', { first: '123', second: '456' }] }, { foo: 'baz' });
+    t.deepEqual(sandwiched, { foo: ['bar', { first: '123', second: '456' }, 'baz'] }, 'merges an object sandwiched by two standalones into an array');
+
+    var nestedArrays = utils.merge({ foo: ['baz'] }, { foo: ['bar', 'xyzzy'] });
+    t.deepEqual(nestedArrays, { foo: ['baz', 'bar', 'xyzzy'] });
+
+    var noOptionsNonObjectSource = utils.merge({ foo: 'baz' }, 'bar');
+    t.deepEqual(noOptionsNonObjectSource, { foo: 'baz', bar: true });
+
+    var func = function f() {};
+    func();
+    t.deepEqual(
+        utils.merge(func, { foo: 'bar' }),
+        [func, { foo: 'bar' }],
+        'functions can not be merged into'
+    );
+
+    func.bar = 'baz';
+    t.deepEqual(
+        utils.merge({ foo: 'bar' }, func),
+        { foo: 'bar', bar: 'baz' },
+        'functions can be merge sources'
+    );
+
+    t.test(
+        'avoids invoking array setters unnecessarily',
+        { skip: typeof Object.defineProperty !== 'function' },
+        function (st) {
+            var setCount = 0;
+            var getCount = 0;
+            var observed = [];
+            Object.defineProperty(observed, 0, {
+                get: function () {
+                    getCount += 1;
+                    return { bar: 'baz' };
+                },
+                set: function () { setCount += 1; }
+            });
+            utils.merge(observed, [null]);
+            st.equal(setCount, 0);
+            st.equal(getCount, 1);
+            observed[0] = observed[0]; // eslint-disable-line no-self-assign
+            st.equal(setCount, 1);
+            st.equal(getCount, 2);
+
+            st.end();
+        }
+    );
+
+    t.test('with overflow objects (from arrayLimit)', function (st) {
+        // arrayLimit is max index, so with limit 0, max index 0 is allowed (1 element)
+        // To create overflow, need 2+ elements with limit 0, or 3+ with limit 1, etc.
+        st.test('merges primitive into overflow object at next index', function (s2t) {
+            // Create an overflow object via combine: 3 elements (indices 0-2) with limit 0
+            var overflow = utils.combine(['a', 'b'], 'c', 0, false);
+            s2t.ok(utils.isOverflow(overflow), 'overflow object is marked');
+            var merged = utils.merge(overflow, 'd');
+            s2t.deepEqual(merged, { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c', 3: 'd' }, 'adds primitive at next numeric index');
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('merges primitive into regular object with numeric keys normally', function (s2t) {
+            var obj = { 0: 'a', 1: 'b' };
+            s2t.notOk(utils.isOverflow(obj), 'plain object is not marked as overflow');
+            var merged = utils.merge(obj, 'c');
+            s2t.deepEqual(merged, { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', c: true }, 'adds primitive as key (not at next index)');
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('merges primitive into object with non-numeric keys normally', function (s2t) {
+            var obj = { foo: 'bar' };
+            var merged = utils.merge(obj, 'baz');
+            s2t.deepEqual(merged, { foo: 'bar', baz: true }, 'adds primitive as key with value true');
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('with strictMerge, wraps object and primitive in array', function (s2t) {
+            var obj = { foo: 'bar' };
+            var merged = utils.merge(obj, 'baz', { strictMerge: true });
+            s2t.deepEqual(merged, [{ foo: 'bar' }, 'baz'], 'wraps in array with strictMerge');
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('merges overflow object into primitive', function (s2t) {
+            // Create an overflow object via combine: 2 elements (indices 0-1) with limit 0
+            var overflow = utils.combine(['a'], 'b', 0, false);
+            s2t.ok(utils.isOverflow(overflow), 'overflow object is marked');
+            var merged = utils.merge('c', overflow);
+            s2t.ok(utils.isOverflow(merged), 'result is also marked as overflow');
+            s2t.deepEqual(merged, { 0: 'c', 1: 'a', 2: 'b' }, 'creates object with primitive at 0, source values shifted');
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('merges overflow object into primitive with plainObjects', function (s2t) {
+            var overflow = utils.combine(['a'], 'b', 0, false);
+            s2t.ok(utils.isOverflow(overflow), 'overflow object is marked');
+            var merged = utils.merge('c', overflow, { plainObjects: true });
+            s2t.ok(utils.isOverflow(merged), 'result is also marked as overflow');
+            s2t.deepEqual(merged, { __proto__: null, 0: 'c', 1: 'a', 2: 'b' }, 'creates null-proto object with primitive at 0');
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('merges overflow object with multiple values into primitive', function (s2t) {
+            // Create an overflow object via combine: 3 elements (indices 0-2) with limit 0
+            var overflow = utils.combine(['b', 'c'], 'd', 0, false);
+            s2t.ok(utils.isOverflow(overflow), 'overflow object is marked');
+            var merged = utils.merge('a', overflow);
+            s2t.deepEqual(merged, { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c', 3: 'd' }, 'shifts all source indices by 1');
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('merges regular object into primitive as array', function (s2t) {
+            var obj = { foo: 'bar' };
+            var merged = utils.merge('a', obj);
+            s2t.deepEqual(merged, ['a', { foo: 'bar' }], 'creates array with primitive and object');
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('merges primitive into array that exceeds arrayLimit', function (s2t) {
+            var arr = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
+            var merged = utils.merge(arr, 'd', { arrayLimit: 1 });
+            s2t.ok(utils.isOverflow(merged), 'result is marked as overflow');
+            s2t.deepEqual(merged, { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c', 3: 'd' }, 'converts to overflow object with primitive appended');
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('merges array into primitive that exceeds arrayLimit', function (s2t) {
+            var merged = utils.merge('a', ['b', 'c'], { arrayLimit: 1 });
+            s2t.ok(utils.isOverflow(merged), 'result is marked as overflow');
+            s2t.deepEqual(merged, { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c' }, 'converts to overflow object');
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('merges primitive into array at the arrayLimit boundary, consistently with combine', function (s2t) {
+            var merged = utils.merge(['a'], 'b', { arrayLimit: 1 });
+            s2t.ok(utils.isOverflow(merged), 'result is marked as overflow at the boundary');
+            s2t.deepEqual(merged, { 0: 'a', 1: 'b' }, 'converts to overflow object instead of a length-2 array');
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('merges two arrays that exceed arrayLimit into an overflow object', function (s2t) {
+            var merged = utils.merge(['a'], ['b'], { arrayLimit: 1 });
+            s2t.ok(utils.isOverflow(merged), 'result is marked as overflow');
+            s2t.deepEqual(merged, { 0: 'a', 1: 'b' }, 'array-into-array merge enforces arrayLimit like combine');
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('throws at the arrayLimit boundary when merging a primitive into an array with throwOnLimitExceeded', function (s2t) {
+            s2t['throws'](
+                function () { utils.merge(['a'], 'b', { arrayLimit: 1, throwOnLimitExceeded: true }); },
+                new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only 1 element allowed in an array.'),
+                'throws when the resulting length would exceed arrayLimit'
+            );
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('throws when merging two arrays past arrayLimit with throwOnLimitExceeded', function (s2t) {
+            s2t['throws'](
+                function () { utils.merge(['a'], ['b'], { arrayLimit: 1, throwOnLimitExceeded: true }); },
+                new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only 1 element allowed in an array.'),
+                'array-into-array merge throws rather than silently exceeding arrayLimit'
+            );
+            s2t['throws'](
+                function () { utils.merge(['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d', 'e', 'f'], { arrayLimit: 2, throwOnLimitExceeded: true }); },
+                new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only 2 elements allowed in an array.'),
+                'uses the plural message when arrayLimit is not 1'
+            );
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('throws instead of merging primitive into over-limit array when throwOnLimitExceeded is set', function (s2t) {
+            s2t['throws'](
+                function () { utils.merge(['a', 'b', 'c'], 'd', { arrayLimit: 1, throwOnLimitExceeded: true }); },
+                new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only 1 element allowed in an array.'),
+                'throws rather than converting to an overflow object'
+            );
+            s2t['throws'](
+                function () { utils.merge(['a', 'b', 'c'], 'd', { arrayLimit: 2, throwOnLimitExceeded: true }); },
+                new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only 2 elements allowed in an array.'),
+                'uses the plural message when arrayLimit is not 1'
+            );
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('throws instead of merging array into primitive when throwOnLimitExceeded is set', function (s2t) {
+            s2t['throws'](
+                function () { utils.merge('a', ['b', 'c'], { arrayLimit: 1, throwOnLimitExceeded: true }); },
+                new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only 1 element allowed in an array.'),
+                'throws rather than converting to an overflow object'
+            );
+            s2t['throws'](
+                function () { utils.merge('a', ['b', 'c', 'd'], { arrayLimit: 2, throwOnLimitExceeded: true }); },
+                new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only 2 elements allowed in an array.'),
+                'uses the plural message when arrayLimit is not 1'
+            );
+
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('assign()', function (t) {
+    var target = { a: 1, b: 2 };
+    var source = { b: 3, c: 4 };
+    var result = utils.assign(target, source);
+
+    t.equal(result, target, 'returns the target');
+    t.deepEqual(target, { a: 1, b: 3, c: 4 }, 'target and source are merged');
+    t.deepEqual(source, { b: 3, c: 4 }, 'source is untouched');
+
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('combine()', function (t) {
+    t.test('both arrays', function (st) {
+        var a = [1];
+        var b = [2];
+        var combined = utils.combine(a, b);
+
+        st.deepEqual(a, [1], 'a is not mutated');
+        st.deepEqual(b, [2], 'b is not mutated');
+        st.notEqual(a, combined, 'a !== combined');
+        st.notEqual(b, combined, 'b !== combined');
+        st.deepEqual(combined, [1, 2], 'combined is a + b');
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('one array, one non-array', function (st) {
+        var aN = 1;
+        var a = [aN];
+        var bN = 2;
+        var b = [bN];
+
+        var combinedAnB = utils.combine(aN, b);
+        st.deepEqual(b, [bN], 'b is not mutated');
+        st.notEqual(aN, combinedAnB, 'aN + b !== aN');
+        st.notEqual(a, combinedAnB, 'aN + b !== a');
+        st.notEqual(bN, combinedAnB, 'aN + b !== bN');
+        st.notEqual(b, combinedAnB, 'aN + b !== b');
+        st.deepEqual([1, 2], combinedAnB, 'first argument is array-wrapped when not an array');
+
+        var combinedABn = utils.combine(a, bN);
+        st.deepEqual(a, [aN], 'a is not mutated');
+        st.notEqual(aN, combinedABn, 'a + bN !== aN');
+        st.notEqual(a, combinedABn, 'a + bN !== a');
+        st.notEqual(bN, combinedABn, 'a + bN !== bN');
+        st.notEqual(b, combinedABn, 'a + bN !== b');
+        st.deepEqual([1, 2], combinedABn, 'second argument is array-wrapped when not an array');
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('neither is an array', function (st) {
+        var combined = utils.combine(1, 2);
+        st.notEqual(1, combined, '1 + 2 !== 1');
+        st.notEqual(2, combined, '1 + 2 !== 2');
+        st.deepEqual([1, 2], combined, 'both arguments are array-wrapped when not an array');
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('with arrayLimit', function (st) {
+        st.test('under the limit', function (s2t) {
+            var combined = utils.combine(['a', 'b'], 'c', 10, false);
+            s2t.deepEqual(combined, ['a', 'b', 'c'], 'returns array when under limit');
+            s2t.ok(Array.isArray(combined), 'result is an array');
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('exactly at the limit stays as array', function (s2t) {
+            var combined = utils.combine(['a', 'b'], 'c', 3, false);
+            s2t.deepEqual(combined, ['a', 'b', 'c'], 'stays as array when count equals limit');
+            s2t.ok(Array.isArray(combined), 'result is an array');
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('over the limit', function (s2t) {
+            var combined = utils.combine(['a', 'b', 'c'], 'd', 3, false);
+            s2t.deepEqual(combined, { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c', 3: 'd' }, 'converts to object when over limit');
+            s2t.notOk(Array.isArray(combined), 'result is not an array');
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('with arrayLimit 1', function (s2t) {
+            var combined = utils.combine([], 'a', 1, false);
+            s2t.deepEqual(combined, ['a'], 'stays as array when count equals limit');
+            s2t.ok(Array.isArray(combined), 'result is an array');
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('with arrayLimit 0 converts single element to object', function (s2t) {
+            var combined = utils.combine([], 'a', 0, false);
+            s2t.deepEqual(combined, { 0: 'a' }, 'converts to object when count exceeds limit');
+            s2t.notOk(Array.isArray(combined), 'result is not an array');
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('with arrayLimit 0 and two elements converts to object', function (s2t) {
+            var combined = utils.combine(['a'], 'b', 0, false);
+            s2t.deepEqual(combined, { 0: 'a', 1: 'b' }, 'converts to object when count exceeds limit');
+            s2t.notOk(Array.isArray(combined), 'result is not an array');
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('with plainObjects option', function (s2t) {
+            var combined = utils.combine(['a', 'b'], 'c', 1, true);
+            var expected = { __proto__: null, 0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c' };
+            s2t.deepEqual(combined, expected, 'converts to object with null prototype');
+            s2t.equal(Object.getPrototypeOf(combined), null, 'result has null prototype when plainObjects is true');
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('with throwOnLimitExceeded', function (st) {
+        st.test('throws when concatenation exceeds the limit', function (s2t) {
+            s2t['throws'](
+                function () { utils.combine(['a', 'b', 'c'], 'd', 3, false, true); },
+                new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only 3 elements allowed in an array.'),
+                'throws instead of converting to an overflow object'
+            );
+            s2t['throws'](
+                function () { utils.combine([], 'a', 0, false, true); },
+                new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only 0 elements allowed in an array.'),
+                'throws with the correct count at arrayLimit 0'
+            );
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('throws when adding to an existing overflow object', function (s2t) {
+            var overflow = utils.combine(['a', 'b'], 'c', 0, false);
+            s2t.ok(utils.isOverflow(overflow), 'initial object is marked as overflow');
+
+            s2t['throws'](
+                function () { utils.combine(overflow, 'd', 0, false, true); },
+                new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only 0 elements allowed in an array.'),
+                'throws rather than appending to the overflow object'
+            );
+            s2t['throws'](
+                function () { utils.combine(overflow, 'd', 1, false, true); },
+                new RangeError('Array limit exceeded. Only 1 element allowed in an array.'),
+                'uses the singular message at arrayLimit 1'
+            );
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('does not throw when within the limit', function (s2t) {
+            var combined = utils.combine(['a'], 'b', 5, false, true);
+            s2t.deepEqual(combined, ['a', 'b'], 'returns the array unchanged when under the limit');
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.test('with existing overflow object', function (st) {
+        st.test('adds to existing overflow object at next index', function (s2t) {
+            // Create overflow object first via combine: 3 elements (indices 0-2) with limit 0
+            var overflow = utils.combine(['a', 'b'], 'c', 0, false);
+            s2t.ok(utils.isOverflow(overflow), 'initial object is marked as overflow');
+
+            var combined = utils.combine(overflow, 'd', 10, false);
+            s2t.equal(combined, overflow, 'returns the same object (mutated)');
+            s2t.deepEqual(combined, { 0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c', 3: 'd' }, 'adds value at next numeric index');
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.test('does not treat plain object with numeric keys as overflow', function (s2t) {
+            var plainObj = { 0: 'a', 1: 'b' };
+            s2t.notOk(utils.isOverflow(plainObj), 'plain object is not marked as overflow');
+
+            // combine treats this as a regular value, not an overflow object to append to
+            var combined = utils.combine(plainObj, 'c', 10, false);
+            s2t.deepEqual(combined, [{ 0: 'a', 1: 'b' }, 'c'], 'concatenates as regular values');
+            s2t.end();
+        });
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('decode', function (t) {
+    t.equal(
+        utils.decode('a+b'),
+        'a b',
+        'decodes + to space'
+    );
+
+    t.equal(
+        utils.decode('name%2Eobj'),
+        'name.obj',
+        'decodes a string'
+    );
+    t.equal(
+        utils.decode('name%2Eobj%2Efoo', null, 'iso-8859-1'),
+        'name.obj.foo',
+        'decodes a string in iso-8859-1'
+    );
+
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('encode', function (t) {
+    forEach(v.nullPrimitives, function (nullish) {
+        t['throws'](
+            function () { utils.encode(nullish); },
+            TypeError,
+            inspect(nullish) + ' is not a string'
+        );
+    });
+
+    t.equal(utils.encode(''), '', 'empty string returns itself');
+    t.deepEqual(utils.encode([]), [], 'empty array returns itself');
+    t.deepEqual(utils.encode({ length: 0 }), { length: 0 }, 'empty arraylike returns itself');
+
+    t.test('symbols', { skip: !v.hasSymbols }, function (st) {
+        st.equal(utils.encode(Symbol('x')), 'Symbol%28x%29', 'symbol is encoded');
+
+        st.end();
+    });
+
+    t.equal(
+        utils.encode('(abc)'),
+        '%28abc%29',
+        'encodes parentheses'
+    );
+    t.equal(
+        utils.encode({ toString: function () { return '(abc)'; } }),
+        '%28abc%29',
+        'toStrings and encodes parentheses'
+    );
+
+    t.equal(
+        utils.encode('abc 123 💩', null, 'iso-8859-1'),
+        'abc%20123%20%26%2355357%3B%26%2356489%3B',
+        'encodes in iso-8859-1'
+    );
+
+    var longString = '';
+    var expectedString = '';
+    for (var i = 0; i < 1500; i++) {
+        longString += ' ';
+        expectedString += '%20';
+    }
+
+    t.equal(
+        utils.encode(longString),
+        expectedString,
+        'encodes a long string'
+    );
+
+    var boundary = '';
+    var expected = '';
+    for (var j = 0; j < 1023; j++) {
+        boundary += 'a';
+        expected += 'a';
+    }
+    boundary += '😀';
+    expected += '%F0%9F%98%80';
+
+    t.equal(
+        utils.encode(boundary),
+        expected,
+        'encodes a surrogate pair split across long-string chunks'
+    );
+
+    var laterBoundary = '';
+    var laterExpected = '';
+    for (var k = 0; k < 2047; k++) {
+        laterBoundary += 'a';
+        laterExpected += 'a';
+    }
+    laterBoundary += '😀';
+    laterExpected += '%F0%9F%98%80';
+
+    t.equal(
+        utils.encode(laterBoundary),
+        laterExpected,
+        'encodes a surrogate pair split across a later chunk boundary'
+    );
+
+    var twoPairs = '';
+    for (k = 0; k < 1023; k++) {
+        twoPairs += 'a';
+    }
+    twoPairs += '😀';
+    for (k = 0; k < 1022; k++) {
+        twoPairs += 'b';
+    }
+    twoPairs += '😀';
+
+    t.equal(
+        (utils.encode(twoPairs).match(/%F0%9F%98%80/g) || []).length,
+        2,
+        'encodes two surrogate pairs each split across a chunk boundary'
+    );
+
+    var roundTrip = '';
+    for (k = 0; k < 1023; k++) {
+        roundTrip += 'a';
+    }
+    roundTrip += '😀';
+
+    t.equal(
+        decodeURIComponent(utils.encode(roundTrip)),
+        roundTrip,
+        'a boundary-split surrogate pair round-trips through decodeURIComponent'
+    );
+
+    var loneBoundary = '';
+    var loneExpected = '';
+    for (k = 0; k < 1023; k++) {
+        loneBoundary += 'a';
+        loneExpected += 'a';
+    }
+    loneBoundary += '\uD83DX';
+    loneExpected += '%F0%9F%91%98';
+
+    t.equal(
+        utils.encode(loneBoundary),
+        loneExpected,
+        'a lone high surrogate at a chunk boundary encodes the same as mid-chunk'
+    );
+
+    t.equal(
+        utils.encode('\x28\x29'),
+        '%28%29',
+        'encodes parens normally'
+    );
+    t.equal(
+        utils.encode('\x28\x29', null, null, null, 'RFC1738'),
+        '()',
+        'does not encode parens in RFC1738'
+    );
+
+    // todo RFC1738 format
+
+    t.equal(
+        utils.encode('Āက豈'),
+        '%C4%80%E1%80%80%EF%A4%80',
+        'encodes multibyte chars'
+    );
+
+    t.equal(
+        utils.encode('\uD83D \uDCA9'),
+        '%F0%9F%90%A0%F0%BA%90%80',
+        'encodes lone surrogates'
+    );
+
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('isBuffer()', function (t) {
+    var fn = function () {};
+    fn();
+    forEach([null, undefined, true, false, '', 'abc', 42, 0, NaN, {}, [], fn, /a/g], function (x) {
+        t.equal(utils.isBuffer(x), false, inspect(x) + ' is not a buffer');
+    });
+
+    var fakeBuffer = { constructor: Buffer };
+    t.equal(utils.isBuffer(fakeBuffer), false, 'fake buffer is not a buffer');
+
+    var saferBuffer = SaferBuffer.from('abc');
+    t.equal(utils.isBuffer(saferBuffer), true, 'SaferBuffer instance is a buffer');
+
+    var buffer = SaferBuffer.from('abc');
+    t.notEqual(saferBuffer, buffer, 'different buffer instances');
+    t.equal(utils.isBuffer(buffer), true, 'another Buffer instance is a buffer');
+    t.end();
+});
+
+test('isRegExp()', function (t) {
+    t.equal(utils.isRegExp(/a/g), true, 'RegExp is a RegExp');
+    t.equal(utils.isRegExp(new RegExp('a', 'g')), true, 'new RegExp is a RegExp');
+    t.equal(utils.isRegExp(new Date()), false, 'Date is not a RegExp');
+
+    forEach(v.primitives, function (primitive) {
+        t.equal(utils.isRegExp(primitive), false, inspect(primitive) + ' is not a RegExp');
+    });
+
+    t.end();
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "name": "body-parser",
+  "description": "Node.js body parsing middleware",
+  "version": "1.20.6",
+  "contributors": [
+    "Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>",
+    "Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com> (http://jongleberry.com)"
+  ],
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "repository": "expressjs/body-parser",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "bytes": "~3.1.2",
+    "content-type": "~1.0.5",
+    "debug": "2.6.9",
+    "depd": "2.0.0",
+    "destroy": "~1.2.0",
+    "http-errors": "~2.0.1",
+    "iconv-lite": "~0.4.24",
+    "on-finished": "~2.4.1",
+    "qs": "~6.15.1",
+    "raw-body": "~2.5.3",
+    "type-is": "~1.6.18",
+    "unpipe": "~1.0.0"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "eslint": "8.34.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "14.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "2.27.5",
+    "eslint-plugin-markdown": "3.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "11.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "6.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-standard": "4.1.0",
+    "methods": "1.1.2",
+    "mocha": "10.2.0",
+    "nyc": "15.1.0",
+    "safe-buffer": "5.2.1",
+    "supertest": "6.3.3"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "lib/",
+    "LICENSE",
+    "HISTORY.md",
+    "index.js"
+  ],
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">= 0.8",
+    "npm": "1.2.8000 || >= 1.4.16"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "lint": "eslint .",
+    "test": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter spec --check-leaks --bail test/",
+    "test-ci": "nyc --reporter=lcov --reporter=text npm test",
+    "test-cov": "nyc --reporter=html --reporter=text npm test"
+  }
+}
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`repo_token: SIAeZjKYlHK74rbcFvNHMUzjRiMpflxve`